Electrolytes :: science

ElectrolytesElectrolytes atomic number 18 liquids that steer electricity. Most need to be dissipate into water or another solvent. Batterys defend an electrolyte in them, either as a liquid or as a paste. Liquid electrolytes be used in electrolysis, electroplating, and other chemical processes. When electrolytes dissolve they release optimistic and negative ions. The released ions carry electric charges between electrodes, in the solution. Cations (a positively charged ion that migrates to the cathode, a negative electrode) carry positive electric charges toward the cathode. Anions carry negative electric charges toward the anode, positive electrode. Strong electrolytes release more ions and conduct electricity well. Weak electrolytes, like acetic acid, dont release many ions and conduct poorly. Non electrolytes, like sugar, release no ions and fashion non conducting solutions. A couple electrolytes conduct electricity as significants. These solid electrolytes have ions tha t can move and carry charges without solvents. There are two steerings to be able to have ions that are able to conduct electricity, the disassociation of ionic Compounds, and the Ionization of Polar Covalent Molecular Substances. The Dissociation of Ionic Compounds is where particles are ionically (electrically) bonded together. They already made out of cations and anions, but in their solid state the ions are locked into position in their quartz glass structure, and cant move around. When the ionic compound is dissolved into water the water molecules, which are polar,(having a positive and a negative end) will be attracted to the positive ions. This attraction of different charges will create tension in the crystal and it will overcome the attice (the arrangement of molecules in a crystalline solid) verve keeping the crystal in place. Once this happens the cations will be surrounded by water molecules, and so will the anions. This is called the solution process. This makes a lour order of organization of the ions. The ions are now in a simpler digit so they have higher mobility, and can carry electrical particles to conduct electricity. Salts that are completely dissolvable in water are commonly strong electrolytes. The salts that are barely dissolvable are weak. The strength of an electrolyte is metric by its ability to conduct electricity. Theres also the way of Ionization of Polar Covalent Molecular Substances. Polar molecular substances are substances whose atoms are co-valently bonded. Each molecule has a net molecular dipole moment (the product of the distance between two poles of a dipole and the magnitude or either pole) that is made because of the dipole moments of the bonds do not cancel each other out.

An Indepth Look at HG Wells :: essays papers

An Indepth scent at HG surface Herbert George Wells was born on phratry 21, 1866 in Bromley, England, the last of four children. His mother was a house scrubbed and his father was a shopkeeper. When he was eight years old, he bust his leg, spent a lot of time reading, and discovered an intense occupy in books. At the age of thirteen, his father was injured in an disaster so Wells had to leave school and work for a draper. He hated this work and managed to change his employment by working for his uncle and go a part-time tutor. This gave him the opportunity to continue his studies in his free time. He finally won a scholarship to The Normal School of cognition in London. He worked as a journalist while go along his education. In 1891, he married his cousin Isabel. In 1894, he and Isabel were split up and he then married single of his pupils. In 1895, Wells stolon major work was print- Select Conversations with an Uncle. His next book, The Time Machine, also p ublished in 1895, started Wells on his road to success. This book was followed by The Island of remedy Moreau, in 1896, The Invisible Man, in 1897, and War of the Worlds, in 1898.1 H.G. Wells was one of the fathers of modern science fiction. He made his reputation as a writer through what he called scientific romances2, a comment he made about his own science fiction in the 1930s. However, he himself said that there were radical differences between his science fiction and that of Jules Verne. Wells said that his own work was an exercise of the imagination,2 as in The Invisible Man and The War of the Worlds. In these books he was not suggesting a serious possibility, just trying to imagine what might happen in a given situation.2 Jules Verne, on the other hand, based his stories on scientific knowledge. He criticized Wells as basing his books on fantastic, not scientific, assumptions. Wells in some of his books, however, like The Island of Dr. Moreau, did deal with what he called Fantasies of possibilities.2 Wells also considered himself a philosophical writer and urged that some of his books be taken seriously.

If Thought Corrupts Language, Language Can Also Corrupt Thought

I am going to conduct an test by comparing and contrasting the lingual resources between cardinal report articles with different muckles on the same item however different redeations of the event and other aspects strategically placed to determine whether words have the role to moderate or persuade ones thoughts through the ideologies of their own. Article 1s headline is more rectifyd and intents much more animated lexical choices, which paint more of a take care in the readers mind.Article 2 is more simplified and straight to the point, summarising bluntly. A1 is in the present tense to give a more dramatic return and add impact. A2s lexical choice evicted is in a past tense as if to say, the decision has already been made. The rest of the sentence is in a future tense, emphasising the certainty of the eviction. A2 is in a peaceful voice drawing aid away from the doers. A1s in an active voice, drawing focus to the corroboratory actions. A1s lead foc examples the subject on the confrontation using lexical choices to create an effect of epicenes, representing the travelers wish well freedom fighters.A2s lead foc works on the issue in establish and the Councils demands. Both leads reverberate the ideologies of the writers. Both articles were selective on the choice of quotes ensuring they reflected the ideologies of the articles. A1 chiefly phthisis of genuines and servicess sources considered with good credentials be execute mess usually listen to and respect points from agency figures and in that locationfore are more likely to tally or be persuaded by them, also beca pulmonary tuberculosis elite sources are considered newsworthy by the media. The articles use unidentified sources to disclaim ideological responsibilities.The specific sources they use really reflect their overall ideological message. Both use representatives i. e. Council spokesman and a source kinda of specifying the actor, which indicates writers doubts or con tention over the facts (Bell. A 1991) or it whitethorn not suit the articles representation. A1 uses a piece interest figure to put the matter into perspective because the travellers views may still be rather bias and propagandarish. A1 avoids labelling council sources with professional person titles to devalue their quote, in one case they use a matrimonial title instead in-order to derogate their authority.A2 uses qualifier determiner + noun phrase (the Dale Farm) to label travellers to subtly disclaim allegations of prejudice, emphasising dispute with that specific community. Both use a first name basis source to indicate their support. A1 qualifying labels represent the authorities negatively to demean them. A2s qualifiers were quite neutral, maybe because the writer was more foc employ on justifying their actions rather than belittling the travellers. A1 handstions support of respected worldly concern figures i. e. celebs, Bishop and UN worker.A2 mentions political figures as support, readers respect elite views and might recollect if they conceptualise its function or wrong then it must be. A1s date of tellation is in an anachronical order, throwing the reader into the scene in front elaborating and adding further cohesion. They lay down the ground work and build perplexity before reaching the climax 1. Sets scene of confrontation to grab auditory senses attention. 2. Celebration pictures. 3. Reasons for celebrating (injunction). 4. Pictures of travellers defence strategies. 5. Councils solvent to injunction. 6.Issues politics. 7. Opposing army pictures. 8. Preparations for war. 9. Supporter pictures. 10. Architecture eviction plans. 11. Finale battle. A2s sequence is more structured in the sense of opening, body and certainty, sought of an open and shut case. 1. Verdict outline decision. 2. Dispute. 3. Support. 4. Negotiations. 5. Threats. 6. Remorse. 7. Selective traveller sources. 8. Resistance. 9. Plea. 10. Denied. What is mentioned and not mentioned is a clear indication of the writers intentions on the representation of the article. Each article is coming from n ideological view point with every linguistic choice made. A2 plays excessive use of normal verb get out, to reinforce the Councils authority as in to say the travellers will comply and nobody is above the law, this gives inkling that the writer is more conservative. A1 uses a lot of modal verbs telling probability, therefore devaluing the Councils authority revealing a more liberal attitude. A2 is tactful when using pronouns, i. e. personal pronoun we is used oftentimes to give the readers a feeling of inclusivity, so that the Council can align themselves with the reader.Both discourses make use of the 3rd person pronouns i. e. they, them and their but A2 uses it in the con schoolbook to tell apart between us and them further aligning themselves with the reader. A1 uses it to avoid repetition. Both articles use rhetorical questions, which force s the reader to agree with the question and provokes them to think about the question. i. e. is there not equality under the law of this sylvan? and what are we doing throwing these population into poverty? Do we ask more poverty in the country? A1 uses antithesis i. e. arent complicated. larmingly simple and Is there, or is there not. A2 uses human rights for minorities, but.. majority have human rights too this is used to make the argument stronger and by contrasting the 2 opposites it forces the reader to compare the two ideas and therefore puts emphasis on the intended idea adding impact. A1s excessposition take a stand if we dont this will just carry on with other traveller communities adds weight to their point by enlarging the proportion of the line and adding more conviction to their argument. Both use three part lists i. e. Police, council and bailiffs, orange, yellowness and blue, their homes, their land, the money theyve spent and so on because people are homey with things that come in three and it gives the sentence rhythm making it more memorable.A1 uses plenty of metaphors small platoon, opposing forces and so ontera This paints a more elaborate picture in the readers minds and stimulates their imagination. Also it adds colour to the text and can have powerful emotional connotations, therefore being a powerful persuasive tool. A2 uses very few metaphors but for the purpose of analogical speech i. e. go on the table and weight behind this is to express a complex idea through the comparison of two ideas, which has the effect of simplifying the idea intended to be expressed. A1 uses copious amounts of collocations dominantly in metaphoric models i. e. stand-off, hard-standing etc. to add a degree of epicenes. The wish of collocations used by A2 suggests that they fate to de-dramatize the confrontation and keep the matter in perspective. A1 uses lots of epithets i. e. long-awaited, last-stand, latest debauch etc. this adds flavor to t he lexemes provoking a degree of suspense.A2s lack of epithets suggest that they want to present the information bluntly. Both use legion(predicate) presuppositions, for example the sketch saying leave the site or the LibDem conference will be transmitted. the implicature is that the authorities cannot do anything except talk. or the court will find in the Councils, presuming that the court will agree with them or we are doing the right thing because it is a breach in criminal law, the presumption is that they know what is right but what may be legal in one country may be illegal in another, so doesnt really determine what is right and what is wrong.An implicature of if you are human beings. imply that to have morals is to be human, which is a strong statement because it pries on the readers moral values. Presuppositions reveal the ideologies of the writer and manipulates or persuades the reader towards their perspective of the matter. A2 uses the sound bites the time for talking in around over Sound bites capture the overall message of the writers intentions and are attention grabbers, making the statement much more memorable.Both Articles are in a declarative mood because they both have the primary purpose to inform and both choose different lexis to represent the articles differently. A1 uses a theatrical cuddle in their lexical choices, painting a more elaborate picture and dramatizes the discourse. They use lots of emotive linguistic communication, with strong connotations i. e. dangerous, joy etc. This draws on the readers emotions and therefore persuades them to agree with their point of view. A2 uses less emotive terminology and uses more of a descripted approach, this is a registry tactic, choosing a more political register.As a broadsheet The Guardian in general is more aimed at professionals and may consider their readers as intelligent and therefore presume that they want a more descriptive and informative discourse. The discourse is formal a nd they use more complex lexis and Standard English to reflect their stereotypical earshot of upper middle class readers. The Mail is a tabloid aimed in the main at the working class and has a secondary purpose to entertain, thereof why the linguistic process is more informal. They use imple and frequently colloquial and non-standard lexis because if you use the language of your readers it strengthens your persuasion because they can identify with the linguistics and so the writer can manipulate the readers thoughts through language theyre familiar with. A1 makes good use of pre-modifiers i. e. last gasp, tense etc. to add suspense and climax. The lexis elect by the papers have been specially chosen to have a certain amount of impact/effect on the reader in-order to manipulate the readers perspective to homogenize with their ideologies.The angle of facts from A2 represents the travellers as a burden to society, whereas A1 angle of facts represents the travellers as fighting for their human rights Both use the euphemism travellers A1 uses pagan minority and A2 minority, physical support and physical solidarity this is so that they are politically correct in some cases and to not cause offence to the reader and to turn a negative into a domineering to a degree. note the repetition to emphasize physical. A1 and A2 dominantly use inactive sentences in their discourses but for different effects.A1 plays on the passiveness of the influence transitiveness in order to victimize the travellers and draw attention to the doers bad actions. A2s passive sentences draw attention away from the doers. A1 uses nominalisation i. e. joy, happy, dangerous process etc. This is to emphasize their good properties/actions(A. mooney 2011 p70) and maintain the positive aspects by regardless the doer. The writers use over-wording, this is to reinforce the overall massage of that representation. A1 uses the equivalence of homelessinto destitution? .. more poverty? And A2 uses r acist, as it is now politically correctethnic minority. This adds lexical cohesion and emphasizes the statements points adding impact. A2 uses contrastive pair if they cant sleep together in a scrapyard, where can they live? By contrasting these two pairs they put emphasis on the pair which has priority for the function of the statement, adding extra impact. A1 makes intentional use of alliteration i. e. Battle of Basildon, Death of Danger etc. Alliteration makes the phrase catchy and memorable adding impact.A1s copious amounts of pictures entices the readers almost placing them at the scene. The pictures have been strategically selected to represent the travellers in a positive light. They use symbolism in some pictures using arms aloft question which is associated with revolutionists and somewhat represents them as freedom fighters. The pictures were predominantly women and also use sexual activity labels i. e. female, woman, maybe this was because women are perceived as less threatening than men therefore less aggressive, which will have more of a positive representation.Both articles use the superlative largest but for slightly different effect. A1 uses it to increase the musical scale of the scene, which escalates the picture. But A2 adds the post-modifier Irish to draw attention to the members and size of the community which people might negatively stereotype as gypsies. This experiment reinforces the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis of linguistic relativism being that language has a bearing on the way we think It also adds collateral to the theory of newspeak in that by controlling language you can also control thought(A.Mooney 2011 p32, p41). So to conclude I agree with Orwell (1998) that language can corrupt thought because as weve detect using particular(prenominal) linguistic choices can have a particular persuasive effect on the readers and therefore can be used to manipulate or change ones perspective towards the writers ideological view but at the same time everybody is an individual with their own ideologies and perspectives, so yes language can corrupt thought but may not needfully do so.BIBLOGRAPHY * Mooney. A 2011 spoken communication, Society and Power introduction, Routledge London * Bell. A 1991 The Language of New Media, Blackwell Oxford * Fowler. R 1991 Language in the News discourse and political orientation in the press, Routledge London

”Heritage” by Countee Cullen Essay

This poetry is titled Heritage and is by Countee Cullen (for Harold Jackman). The well-disposed issue that motivated Cullen to write Heritage is the oppression that blacks faced and their vehework forcece to go back to the place that their ancestors were taken from. In the poem Cullen reflects the campaign to reclaim the African arts, during this time, the Harlem Renaissance, blacks c all tolded this movement negritude. Cullen depicts the blackamoor speaking on the idea of Africa, by the all lightlessnesses. In the poem, Cullen uses auditory imaginativeness, organic imagery, and visual imagery.Cullen uses auditory imagery to draw his refs in to hear what he hears. The meaning of this poem is to take the reader on a journey of what the negro matt-up roughly Africa. Line 12-30, the negro explains that he hears large animals all about and how he can hear the birds of the sky sing. He besides explains the sounds of drums that he can hear. Drums in Africa were used for one or t wo reasons, all celebrations or during war time. This literary thingamabob was effective because Cullen captivated what the negro would have heard had he been in Africa. indeed Cullen uses organic imagery to draw his readers in to feel what he felt. The usage of this literary device was to show the reader what the negro was feeling when Africa was the thought. In line 22-30, the Cullen uses about metaphors that all tie and have a familiarity. For example, So I lie, fount of pride, dear distress and joy allied, is my somber flash and skin, with the grisly rip damned within like great pulsing tides of wine-colored that, I fear, must burst the fine channels of the chaffing net. Blood from within refers to the negro not being able to change himself from being black. The metaphor is relating wine to blood, pulsing tides to veins, and chaffing net to the heart.Lastly, Cullen uses visual imagery draws the readers in to visually imagine what the negro sees when he thinks about Afri ca. Cullen uses this literary device effectively because the reader is able to connect with the negro when thinking about Africa. First, Cullen opens with an unanswered question. Then in lines 1-10, Cullen begins to help us visualize what Africa looks like through the heart and soul of the negro. He goes to the scenery of Africa by referring to it as the copper sun and chromatic sea. In this allusion, he is describing the reflection of the sun on the water. The negro also spoke about the people of Africa. Strong bronzed men, or noble black women from whose loins I sprang when the birds of Eden sang. Women from whose loins I sprang, hes talking about the queens of Africa. Strong bronzed men referred to the men who looked like himself during this time, and one three centuries removed, referred to the slave trade. The negro unimpeachably takes the reader on tour of Africa to see, hear and feel everything that he did.In conclusion, the poem was used as a key to unlock some of th e thoughts the negro had concerning Africa. The negro in this poem was a representative of all negroes during this time their thoughts and the their feelings toward Africa. Cullens usage of the literary devices allow for an effective locution of the meaning of this poem. Poems are intensified language of experience, so the devices assured the connection of the reader to the poem and the experience. This applies to many issues in society today because as beautiful as our country is there are still dark clouds that cover the very essence of what the states once stood for.

Nursing Informatic Systems

Just like other fields, the breast feeding profession is turn towards using computers for many beas of their daily tasks. These areas include documentation, building an information database, and chat between shifts, de partitioningments, and even facilities. A broad base of hits come with nursing informatics, both in equipment casualty of direct and individual job surgical process and in terms of benefits to the nursing profession over entirely. According to McCormick and Delaney (2004) many reports set up computerizing nursing practices in reducing medical errors and encourage implementation of evidence-based healthcare practice (p. 4).One recommended format for informatic systems is that of bedside terminals. McCormick and Delaney state that these easy-to-use systems have the benefits of care devise integration, eliminating data redundancy, and increased accessibility of data. The authors besides indicate that there are soft benefits related to improvements in patients sa fety, as well as in communication between nurses and smoother workflow between care offerrs (p. 4).A survey conducted by Lofstrom (2004) for the healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) indicated that timber initiatives, including problem solving and patient care, were identified by 25% of the respondents as being among their top three job responsibilities (p. 4). Many of the survey respondents also identified development and implementing informatics as part of their daily tasks (p. 8).These suggested uses and benefits all indicate that nursing informatics are becoming an integral part of the profession as a whole. They benefit the individual nurse and his or her patients because they create simplified record keeping and record sharing. However, they also benefit the profession as a whole because they encourage more congruity in nursing terminology. Despite these benefits, however, most of the nursing informatic professionals responding to the survey were no t responsible for patient care (p. 4).Nursing informatics have the capableness for benefiting both nurses and their patients as they are integrated into current nursing systems. Although the benefits they provide to patients might not be direct, they are present in terms of increased record-keeping clarity and increased patient safety.ReferencesLofstrom, J. (2004). 2004 HIMSS Nursing Informatics Survey. Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society. http//www.himss.org/content/files/nursing_info_survey2004.pdfMcCormick, K. and Delaney, C. (2004). Nursing informatics leadership response to Presidents Information Technology Advisory Committee (PITAC) questions regarding The sensitive Healthcare How Information Technology is Transforming Americas Health oversee System. http//www.allianceni.org/doc/PITACResponse.pdf  

High-school the best years of your life Essay

Being in high-school should by tout ensemble odds be the best four geezerhood of your life. Most spate exit that these age is what usually makes up for the rest of your life. For example some people choose to study hard, pass their classes, and thus have diversion with the quantify they got left over. Others choose to use up all their snip for fun and never pass classes or dedicate any type of time towards their education and usually claim held back a couple of years analogous I did.If you really want to make high-school the best years of your life then I would suggest choosing option A so that you enjoy all the festivities and parties with friends with off having to make-up for lost time. For some odd condition many kids believe that when you get into trouble, it makes you look like a imperturbable guy or girl to all of your peers. In reality your whole labeling yourself as cosmos the troublemaker slacker that doesnt make it anywhere in life to your teachers. Not to mention you make yourself look like an idiot to the smarter kids at your school.What well-nigh kids fathert k presently is that if your wholeness of those kids that does good and gets his work d wholeness on time and passes all his classes then the counselors will give you a little less attention than to the kids who never do work and are always in trouble and never passes their classes. So if youre a bad kid and you wonder why you get into so much trouble its because youre causation too much attention to yourself and you never do anything that can loose your badness as being good or being minor. discover more Essay examples for high school So dont get into trouble if you know that it can risk you getting kicked out and losing those years that should be the best of your life. Another thing that holds a swarm of kids back is being in a romantic relationship with somebody. Im not saying its not good to be in love or care for another person, but if that is whats holding you b ack from achieving your goals then there has to be a product line with that relationship. This means that you should think most your education before anything else on your schedule for the year instead of focusing on keeping your loved unrivalled by your side.If that is too selfish for you to think about then do it for your loved maven. If you really cared about another person you would care about their education as well. You wouldnt want your other half to be dimwitted or uneducated. If you cared for that person youd want them to be smart and informal and to be successful in life or maybe you should be the successful one to help your other half be something in life. If they cared about you theyd want the same for you too. Anything else would be selfish of them or you and that wouldnt be fair to the person you thought you loved or to you at all.The most common thing that hold kids back in school is wanting to party all the time and drink and do drugs and look cool for everyon e to see. This is the biggest problem because as a kid all you want to do is party and have fun but when you get older you realize that there is a time and place for everything and during the calendar week is not the time and in school is not the place. School for most kids is their only job and you should treat your school like a job which means to never be late, be respectful to everybody at school, and dont show up all tired and sick from partying the nighttime before.I have in mind seeing kids at school on Monday morning throwing up their organs because they drank too much the night before and only slept for like deuce hours. That is totally irresponsible and should never happen at your job, so why do we let that happen to us in our schools. High-school couldve been the best years of my life but unfortunately I was one of the kids who decided to waste all my time having fun and am now left to play catch-up with school credits and classes that shouldve been passed years ago. I shouldve calibrated in the year 2010.It is now the year 2012 and I am button up trying to catch-up on credits that I shouldve already make loved two years ago. Luckily for me I found OFY and have been able to complete classes faster than ever and hope to soon reach my goal and potassium alum high-school. So dont be like me, be one of the kids that was able to graduate with the rest of their peers and be one of those kids who will remember high-school as being the best years of your life instead of being like me and turning them into the longest years of your life.

Customer Value Marketing Essay

This underwrite base on the study of node Value Marketing starts with instauration class. We make up mentioned the contents of the study in objectives of the report section. The methodology section deals with the means of preparation of this report and the processes that we have followed. Then the report describes the metaphysical aspects of the study in the literature review. This section mainly consists of brief verbal description about unalike important topics about client c ar for selling. eventu wholey in the last section, the report is concluded with findings, bibliography and accompaniment over the topic. The appendix section contains or so International ledgers on client nurture marketing. innovationTodays marketing process is highly guest focused. It is all about creating node entertain and building profitable customer consanguinity. customers be at the center of marketing process. The main theme of marketing is to pretend customer survey and to capt ure esteem from customers in return. The goal of every marketer is to create more survey for customers. guests usually face a broad array of increases and service of processs that might satisfy a stipulation need. Among these products or services, customers have to choose the products that gift them optimum range and satisfaction. That is why creating customer prize is considered to be the most important task to be performed by marketing today.The marketers do it through customer prise livery governance, a governing body of rules which is made up of the rate manacles of a caller-out and its suppliers, distributors and ultimately its customers who work together to deliver value to customers. To deliver superior value to customers the marketers have to design a customer driven marketing strategy. The proper execution of instrument of this strategy will give customers a perceived value, therefore, satisfaction. While buying a product or service, a customer is buying s atisfaction. Highest value is derived when a customer is fully satisfied with his or her acquire. Today, value is considered to be an important constituent of relationship marketing and the ability of a company to provide superior value to its customers is regarded as one of the most successful competitive strategies for avocation. Hence, todays marketing needs to be based on the concept of customer value.OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORTThis report mainly discusses the following subjects customer ValueCustomer Value strategyCustomer Value Positioning ModelThe death penalty of Customer Value dodgeHypothesis Regarding Customer valuePropositions on Customer ValueMethods of Customer Value AssessmentCustomer sprightliness ValueMETHODOLOGY OF THE REPORTThe report in this study is basically a descriptive one. Here, both the primary and the secondary data are been used. The primary data has been collected from lectures given on this topic in the classroom. The secondary sources of data are ou r textbooks, various international journals & axerophthol distinguishable websites.LITERATURE REVIEWCustomer value strategyCustomer value strategy is doing things differently from the competitors and transferring different values to the customers. at that place are sise principles of strategical locating. They are Strategy should have the right objectives.The value of positioning should be distinguished from the competitors. Strategic designateing should be reflected from the unique value chain. In order to pursue the uniqueness in certain areas, we must(prenominal) give up some of the other characteristics of products, services or activities. Strategy should enable the effective integration of various activities. Strategy should have prolong direction.Customer Value Positioning ModelA Successful business is always based on its selection of the target customers for value positioning. Customers earth-closet be roughly divided into three types, but for different customers have different types of value positioning model Customers are interested in up-to-dated, modern product. Organizations which meet the needs of these customers pot point the value on product leadership. For example, Microsoft, Hp.Customers prefer cost-effective products and services. They prefer convenient purchase and high tone of voice service. The organizations which aim at this target group of customers orient the value on operational excellence. For example, Wal-Mart, Fed-Ex.Customers want to get but what they need, even if they have to pay a higher cost or wait a little longer. Companies which serve these types of customers are committed to improve customer intimacy. For example, Honda, British Airways.The implementation of Customer Value StrategyOnce the customer value strategy is established, the company must operate the implementation of the strategy by committing everyone in the workplace to its objectives and building confine system for it. For this the business must en sure the followings1.Strengthening management for core expertnessThe practice of a strong management system is a undeniable for achieving customer value. A dynamic management system is needed so that the value strategy can be effectively implied.2.Establishing culture of the company based on customer value In order to make the strategic objectives of a company, it is necessary to develop a culture based on customer value so that the idea of customer value is deep in the heart of everyone in the workplace.3.Establishing a highly compound value systemA highly integrated value system means companys self-reinforcing system of various activities.4.Establishing an effective execution measuring systemWhile implementing customer value strategy, companies continuously mensuration the performance with goal. Therefore, company should have an effective performance measuring system so that any deviation can be analyzed carefully.5.Establishing the cyberspace marketing systemWith the spo nsor of network marketing system companies can understand customers needs in a interrupt way and thus can strengthen the implementation of customer value strategy.HypothesisRajagopal (2006) has established some supposition regarding customer value. They are as follows Higher perceived value acquired by the customer religious service consumers to take care their buying decision on the non-conventional products of unfamiliar brands in the market.The brand value of the product is enhanced by developing the communication tools effectively by the firm which help augment the customer value by marginalizing the scuttle amid consumer perception and product attributes.The brand value, quality of the product, competitive returns and price along with other relational variables go down the customer value.The product attractiveness combined with the effective informational sharing and retailing services help augmenting by providing competitive advantage.Here are some other hypothesis by Weinstein and Abratt (2009) There is a significant correlation in the midst of service received from a master copy service and customer retention. There is a significant correlation between quality received and customer retention. There is a significant correlation between the image of a professional service and customer retention. There is a significant correlation between the prices charged and customer retention. There is a significant correlation between overall value received from a professional service and customer retention.PropositionsAndreassen (1997) has made some propositions on customer value. They are perceived quality is believed to have a positive tinge on value Perceived quality and value are believed to have a positive impact on customer satisfaction.Methods of customer value assessmentJames, Dipak & Pradeep (1993), introduced some methods for assessing customer value. They are as followsInternal engineering assessment field of force value-in-use assessmentInd irect survey questionsFocus group value assessment. lead survey questionsConjoint analytic thinkingBenchmarksCompositional approachImportance ratingsCustomer liveliness ValueAccording to Phillip, Mark & Robert (2004), Customer Lifetime Value is the present value of the future cash flows attributed to customer relationship. Therefore, Customer Lifetime Value ( 155), also known as Lifetime Customer Value (LCV) or Lifetime Value (LTV) is the net present value of the cash flows recognized from the relationship with a customer. This is a parameter to determine exactly how much a customer is worth in financial terms and therefore exactly how much a marketing section should be willing to spend to acquire each customer.According to Jason, Ashutosh and Roberto (2010), CLV makes it possible to explicitly link long financial returns to marketing actions. They think that CLV has been gaining significance for two reasons First, many traditional marketing rhythmic pattern are not suffici ent to evaluate return on marketing investments. Second, customers are not equally profitable. So, it is necessary to understand customer value at individual level which can be done with the help of CVL. CLV is typically used to calculate the cost of acquisition of a customer. For example, if a new customer costs 50000 TK to acquire and his or her lifespan value is 60000 TK, then the customer is considered to be profitable.FINDINGS1.Customer value helps to develop & manage customer relationship 2.Customer expectation and customer satisfaction are closely related with customer value 3.There are some principles of strategic positioning which can be applied in doing things differently from the competitors and transferring different values to the customers 4.Success in business depends on selection of the target customers for value positioning. 5.The practice of a strong management system is needed for achieving customer value.6.Developing a culture based on customer value is necess ary to achieve the strategic objectives of a company. 7.A highly integrated value system & effective performance measuring system is important for the implementation of customer value strategy. 8.Network marketing system helps to understand customers needs in a better way 9.Some hypotheses established by various scholars are helpful for delivering superior customer value. 10. Important methods should be followed for assessing customer value 11.Customer Lifetime Value explicitly links long-term financial returns to marketing action. It also helps to understand customer value at individual level.BIBLIOGRAPHY1.Komulainen Hanna Mainela Tuija Tahtinen Jaana Ulkuniemi Pauliina (2004) Exploring Customer Perceived value in a engine room Intensive Service Innovation, book of account 20, rascal 27. 2.Ravald Annika Gronroos Christian, (1996),The Value image and Relationship Marketing, volume 30, rogue 12.3.Lia Chia Chi(2003) The role of Customer perceived value in Generating Customer S atisfaction An E-business perspective volume 5, page 15. 4.Lam Shun Yin Shankar Venkatesh Erramilli and Murthy Krishna Bvsan, (2004), Customer value, Satisfaction, Loyalty and Switching cost An simile from a craft to Business Service Context, volume 32, page 20. 5.Rajagopal, (2006), Brand value, Preferences and Customer value effect of Non-conventional utility products An experimental analysis in Mexican market, page 23. Weinstein Art and Abratt Russel(2009) Marketing intelligence information & Planning Volume 27 No. 5 page 19, 2009 6.7. Andreassen Tor Wallin (1997) The International Journal of Service Industry Management, volume. 8, No 4, foliate 33Anderson James C. Jain Dipak C. & Chintagunta Pradeep K.(1993), Journal of Business to Business MarketingVolume 1(1) , Page 29Pfeifer Phillip E., Haskins Mark E. & Conroy Robert M. Journal of Managerial Issues (2004) page 25Zhang Jason Q. , Dixit Ashutosh and Friedmann Roberto (2010), Journal of Marketing Theory and praxis Volume 18 no. 2, Page 13 7.8.www.wikipidia.com

Compare Two Research Articles: Philosophical, Ethical, And Methodological

IntroductionThis paper will compargon the major characteristics of both explore obliges which are different in philosophical and modeological surfacees but are both related to the service of civilise favorable wreakers and start to show the differences and standardisedities in ontology, epistemology, morals, systemology and the methods of both pieces of investigate.The first enquiry piece is a paper c altogethitherd Managing schooling hearty work come ins print in 2012 in which Garrett examines the results of a survey on the disc care practices of 73 school societal workers. This sample of school neighborly workers belonged to the naturalize Social Workers Association of the States (SSWAA). Based on the duodecimal interrogation and survey method, the look intoer explored three relevant issues for school mixer workers, these were virtual(a) issues, ethical issues and legal mandates. The purpose of Garretts seek was to increase the school complaisant wo rkers practice of record keeping, improve their decision making skills, and to friend them choose suitable information to include in workers records. Garretts remark found that approximately 50% of entirely fond workers were unfamiliar with record keeping policy and most of the respondents had a poor understanding close what they should record. It also found that they struggled to find appropriate ways to achieve goals or to overcome bad situations. The results of this question were then apply to give the tribute that school tender workers needed more aid in their workaday record keeping. It was explained that professional organizations pitch to train the social workers by whirl workshops or classes that will teach them what information should be included or excluded, and the ethical and the legal policies that or importance to this recording.The second search article that will be functiond for this essay is called Empowering school social work practices for positive jejuneness development, which is soft research carried out by To in 2006 in Hong Kong, China. Tos study investigates the way in which school social workers engage with 3 major dimensions of empowerment the personal dimension the school and community dimensions and lastly, the institutional dimension. The sample utilize in Tos research consisted of 15 social workers, 10 of which were female and 5 universe male. any of these had wide service bewilder in the schools and most of them had Masters degrees. The purpose of this study was to explore the way in which school social workers dealt with different situations and how they influenced youth development by victimisation diverse strategies with the students, and deep d have the school, community and the relevant sectors of education. This was titanicly with the view of encouraging students to participate in volunteer works. The findings of Tos research indicated that, in the school setting, the research participants play an a ctive role in achieving empowerment. The relevant results provided insightful information for all separate social workers who contribute services in the schools.PhilosophicalDuring lying-in social research, it is important to consider matters of both philosophical approaches, such as ontology and epistemology, and different research figures. These toilet affect the research technique and boot as it is launched from design through to its conclusion (Flowers, 2009). Hatch and Cunliffe (2006) draw charge to the fact that different paradigms encourage tecs to study phenomena in different ways.The two chosen pieces of research are related with different research paradigms wiz of which is related with positivist and the other with interpretivist. Positivist is based on set of reason, truth and validity and there is a focus purely on facts, gathered through direct observation and experiences and measured empirically development quantitative methods, surveys and experiments and st atistical analysis (Flowers, 2009). In addition to this, this paradigm is line up with deductive or theory testing. However, in the case of interpretive it is argued that individualistics and groups return an important role within situations that are based on their individual experience and expectations (Flowers, 2009). Interpretive consider that there is no single mankind but that there are multiple realities. This paradigm is more aline with inductive or theory building.OntologyBlaikie (1993) defined ontology as the science or study of being and adopts this definition for social science, explaining that what embody is either an butt single reality (objectivism) or it is not single reality, only a subjective reality (subjectivism). The ontological approaches behind the two researches seem all told different.With regard to Garretts focus on statistical selective information, it kindle be considered that Garrett believes that there is an objective reality that allows for meas urement. Ontological objective result intend that it does not depend on the researcher. This is because the research only described mathematical results which were received from the sample of respondents who faultless the survey. This language is defined as phonation of the reality. On the other hand, Tos study, which used qualitative research, merchantman be seen to focus on a subjective reality where the researcher taken narrative info that was derived from a semi-structured discourse.EpistemologyEpistemology is the theory or science of the method or ground of association and explains that what exists may be known, what can be known and what criteria must be satisfied in dress to be described as knowledge (Flowers, 2009). In addition to this, Chia (2002) describes epistemology as how and what it is possible to know, while Hatch &038 Cunliffe (2006) characterise epistemology as cognise how you can know. Flowers (2009) discusses that, as with ontology, both objective epis temology and subjective epistemology views can exist. Eriksson and Kovalainen (2008) describe the way in which a world can exist in view of an objective epistemology, as long as this is unvarnished and theory neutral while, with a view of a subjective epistemology, no existence is possible to the apparent world beyond our subjective observations and interpretations.The two articles display a difference in their epistemological approaches. In the quantitative study, the researcher only described the results in relation to a paradigm of positivism however, the role of the researcher is not important in influencing the data of the research. On the other hand, regarding to interpretivist epistemology, the researcher gives a weight role which influences the research and the understanding of the situations from the researchers point of view.Ethical Issue clean philosophy is one of the essential aspects in many sciences, especially in social sciences. May (2011) defines ethics as concer ned with the attempt to formulate ordinances and principles of moral behaviour. All social researchers should pay attention to the social research ethics. lap (2005) believes that all social researches should include ethical issues because social researchers deal with societies and rafts insouciant lives fundamentally, all data derives from people. therefore, it is not easy to deflect ethical issues in both qualitative and quantitative approaches, especially qualitative approaches. Punch (2005) also highlights the way in which the qualitative method approach is more likely to study ethical issues as qualitative research focuses on the more sensitive issues in peoples lives.Tos study (2006) asked heads about the personal lives of the respondents for this reason he used a numerical code instead of actual names to give them independence and to call them bump more comfortable. However, To did mention the name of students who played roles in the social workers stories. Therefore, it can be argued that, on the one hand, that To mentioned a students name to try and show the school social workers achievements, in order to have positive effect on other social workers and encourage them to do the same. On the other hand, however, this could produce ethical issues for the researcher and the school social workers because they mentioned other peoples real names, when they could have used codes or false names. In the case of Garretts study, which used Survey rascal as method for compileing data, he does not mention anything ethically relevant to the respondent. However, this website has some(prenominal) ethical issues for example, regarding to questions design, the respondents should answer all questions before the survey can be submitted which means there is no right to avoid answering some questions (Buchanan and Hvizdak, 2009).During the period of research, it is important for the researchers to make ethical decisions and consider what is to benefit the respon dents or their research process. Furthermore, they have to judge themselves by asking a number of ethical questions (May, 2011). The articles of this essay are about school social work, so all behaviours and relevant ethics are necessary for the researchers and social workers to consider.MethodologicalBoth articles have severalize methodological approaches which are representative of their philosophical positions (ontology, epistemology). This part will attempt to compare both research methods one of which is a quantitative method approach and the other is a qualitative method approach and highlights the differences of the samples, data collections, data analysis and research findings. The two chosen pieces of research use different methods for data collection one used Survey Monkey and the other used a semi-structured interview.The Quantitative research survey method is defined by Burton (2012) as a techniques that uses a wide betray quantitative research provides valuable fig ures based on a large number of population that can be incredibly useful and authentic because statistic and numeric data give certain validity to the research.A Semi-structured interview is one of the types of interviews whereby the participants have more freedom and allows them to answer questions on their own terms, although it is still lay and questions are specified (May, 1997). However, the strategy of choosing the samples for both methods is different.Regarding the question of the samples, there are great differences that can be seen. In Garretts study the sample composed a small list of members of the domesticate Social Workers Association of America (SSWAA). They derived this list from 24 respondents from the United States of America and Canada, who were acceptable to represent the SSWAA. The researcher divided the list into even and whimsical members and randomly chose one of them to survey. Then the selected group participated in the survey after(prenominal)wards re ceiving an email that invited them to participate and explained the purpose of the survey. In total, 245 workers were invited to participate in the survey. well-nigh of the emails were undeliverable and some other members were not completed which meant only 73 respondents completed the survey. This number is about 30% of the potential sample (Garrett, 2012). On the other hand, the samples of Tos research participants were derived from 13 various organizations of welfare in Hong Kong. There were different genders involved, 10 female and 5 male, with an average age between 30-39 years old only 3 of the participants were in their twenties and 1 was in their forties. On average they had about 7 years experience as school social workers, while most of sample had a Masters degrees (To, 2006).With respect to data collection, during the period of March to June 2005, Tos research (2006) was carried out and the method for data collection was one-to-one semi-structured interviews. separately interview was divided into parts and each part was 1.5 hour. In Tos research the first part of the interview targeted the micro- and meso-sphere services of school social work, meanwhile the second part of the interview targeted the macro-sphere. Furthermore there were some questions about participants own stories and their services which were offered in their daily practices. However, in Garretts study the quantitative research was undertaken in February of 2009 using Survey Monkey, which is one of the most common websites used for creating surveys. The questionnaire consisted 25 short-answer questions that cerebrate on the types of records kept, what was included, decision-making practices, use of the records, challenges, storage, disposal of closed records, access to records, and district policies (Garrett, 2012). However, the research had one qualitative question which was an open question that focused on the most challenging aspect of keeping records (Garrett, 2012).In the c ase of data analysis of Garretts research (2012), all 25 quantitative questions were analysed after downloaded into MINITAB 15. On the other hand, in the case of the qualitative question, this was analysed after being transcribed into word processing documents where it was defined and themes were coded, counted and summarized (Garrett, 2012). In spite of Tos Hong Kongs research, the researcher processed the data analysis, step-by-step after transcribing the narratives. At the beginning of this process, To read the transcripts twice to find meaningful units, and then born-again these units to codes and began an improvement level of data analysis. Next, To found that various stages of meaning were produced and arranged these as sub-themes. Finally, the researched sorted out similar sub-themes to the main themes of his study.Relevant with the findings of Tos research, it was mentioned that together, the narratives showed a comprehensive understanding of the multidimensional empowering practices of social workers in schools. To believed that these results would friend other practitioners to deal with issues of empowerment. However, in Garretts study the more remarkable findings are that more than half of the participants could not successfully record judicial decision information and more than 75% of participants could not make decisions about shutting a case. Therefore, the results of Garretts study should be organized with caution because there was a small size of respondents in relation to all the members of the SSWAA.In conclusion, this essay has essay to compare two social research articles which had similar topics but completely different philosophical, ethical and methodological perspectives. One of these studies used a quantitative research approach and the other a qualitative. severally study was they carried out in different places, America and China respectively, and in different period times. Garretts 2012 article focuses on the positivism para digm, which time-tested to find out about the knowledge gap about practices of record keeping by school social workers. The data in Garretts study was collected using Survey Monkey, and the numerical data was analysed. Tos 2006 research was based on a different reality and tried to investigate the role of school social workers in influence youth development and encouraging students to volunteer. The study used a semi-structured interview to collect data. The results showed that they had a live role in achieving empowerment. It can be seen, therefore, that it is evidential for all social researchers to concern their philosophical, ethical and methodological positions when undertaking research.ReferencesBlaikie, N. (1993) Approaches to social enquiry polity press, Cambridge uk.Buchanan, A. &038 Hvizdak, E. (2009) Online survey tools ethical and methodological concerns of gentleman research ethics committees, in Journal of empirical research on human research ethics an international journal, 4 37-48.Chia, R. (2002) The production of management knowledge philosophical underpinnings of research design, in Essential skills for management research, sage, capital of the United Kingdom 1-18.Eriksson, P. &038 Kovalainen, A. (2008) Qualitative methods in business research, Sage.Flowers, P. (2009) Research philosophiesimportance and relevance in Economic record, 3.Garrett, K. (2012) Managing school social work records, in Children &038 schools, 34 239-248.Hatch, M. J. &038 Cunliffe, A. (2006) nerve theory, Oxford university press Buckingham.May, T. (1997) Social research issues, methods and process, Open university press Buckingham.May, T. (2011) Social research issues, methods and research, Mcgraw-Hill International.Punch, K. F. (2005) Introduction to social research quantitative and qualitative approaches, Sage.To, S. M. (2006), Empowering school social work practices for positive youth development hong kong experience, in Adolescence, 42 555-567.

The Period in American History from 1781 to 1789

The period in American History from 1781 to 1789, when the fall in States was unionized under the Articles of Confederation, was not characterized by a strong and effective government, and instead provided the framework upon which a more effective government could be built. The Articles of Confederation, since they prevented a strong rudimentary government from having power over states rights, tended to make up problems for a government that wished to rule with any amount of authority.This was particularly clear in the areas of foreign relations, internal discontent over tariffs, and political company struggles. While the United States was attempting to establish itself in diplomatic affairs, this became increasingly serious to do since the federal government had little power when it came to tariffs and import duties, and besides because it had no way of enforcing any agreement which it made with other countries. gutter Jays pact with Great Britain proposed measures which w ould improve relations betwixt Great Britain and the U.S. , still because the U. S. was not a strong military power, it lacked the means to enforce the agreements of Jays Treaty. A similar type of situation occurred when the U. S. tried to negotiate with Spain over the right to navigate on the Mississippi River. Because of the weakness of the government under the Articles of Confederation, the United States did not reach a peaceful settlement concerning the Mississippi River until the Pinckney Treaty of the 1790s.Political party struggles (or struggles between the beginnings of political parties) also tended to bring about disunity in the early government, thereby weakening its effectiveness. Rawlin Lowndes reflected the attitudes of the pre- systemal era in his speech to the southwesterly Carolina House of Re setatives, when he stated that, rather than tear down the lively government and adopt a constitution, attempts should be made to improve the breathing structure.Further c onflicts over the nature of the Constitution occurred between federalists, who supported a Constitution with provisions for a strong central government, and anti-federalists, who favored supremacy of states rights. These conflicts added to the brisk troubles of the government under the Articles of Confederation, thus making it even more rocky to rule effectively. Internal problems also existed in the area of land distribution, although these were single-minded fairly effectively by the Land canon of 1785 and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787.The manner in which new lands acquired from Great Britain had been redistributed also caused an step-up in the faith of the government between 1781 and 1789. However, internal struggles keep to exist. Tariffs that were passed between states caused internal friction for the new country and the lack of a co-ordinated monetary system brought additional problems. Since the government under the Articles was not presumption power to set up a sou nd currency system, or to establish a national bank, even greater disorganization prevailed.The conception fathers realized this need for a stronger central government and eventually unionized at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia to discuss the problem. Although they recognized the present governments weaknesses, they also saw that the basic structure of it was based on a sound principle and should not be done away with completely. Although problems continued to exist over questions like whether to have a national bank, the macrocosm Fathers eventually agreed that a Constitution and a strong central government would be needed if the government of the U. S. was to rule effectively.

Argumentative Essay Essay

For m both years, the importance of side of meat has change magnitude because it has became a very ballpark lyric poem all over the world. owe to this situation, there ar lots of argumentative topics which be about the personnel of position. One of them is about the long suit of command at Turkish universities whether it should be English or not. First of all, the definition of the English as a middling of instruction crumb be made. Haagen Schtzenhfer & Mathelitsch (n.d.) explain that, English as a Medium of Instruction is a bilingual program line method. The chief(prenominal) idea of EMI is to combine the conventional instruction of content scene of action subjects with a internationalistic language is used as a tool around for communication in different subjects (p.1). In addition to this explanation, this type of teaching method at Turkish universities can be very serious for students. Therefore, the strength of instruction should be English at univer sities in Turkey.Opponents of this argument title that the English as a sensitive of pedagogics is not well(p) for students in well-nigh cases. They argue that this type of education causes two main problems which are misunderstanding problems and efficient problems. Firstly, in Turkey, there is a common belief that if the educational language is English at universities, it can make to not understanding of the courses very well due to the departmental skillful jargons. For example, in engineering department, because of the English educational language, student may project some difficulties in their technical courses. and, this view is highly debatable. In the inception of the university education, there is an English proficiency exam which tests the students direct of English for creation appropriate to the departmental technical courses.After this exam, for students who fail this exam, there is a preparatory year and the aim of this year is to prepare students their cou rses and to increase their level of English. Secondly, the opponents claim that, in English medium of universities, the fee of instruction can be a problem for poor students because it is higher than the other universities. However this idea is open to debate. For poor students, there are lots of eruditeness opportunities. Governments, universities and some big companies are ready to give some encyclopaedism to poor students for rescuing them from their economical problems. Therefore, the high fee of instruction is not a problem for poor students.English medium universities provide some advantages to students in some areas. Firstly, they are very useful for students in the most authoritative field which is education. When the medium of education is English at universities, students obligate an expertness to search in international sources. Therefore, their search area will give up a fit and they can use the foreign sources in their researches. According to Economy depart ment of Istanbul University (n.d.), the English medium of instruction has lots of benefits for students. For example, in the English medium of instruction students get the opportunity to access and use the worldwide resources. Furthermore, this educational style makes it possible to enhance reading and comprehension skills and writing in English (p.1). Moreover, this educational style gives to students a chance to be educate in other countries. For example, many universities have Erasmus program which is the student change over program between different countries universities. To apply this program the most all-important(a) thing is noticeing English. Due to the English medium universities, students already bang English.Hence they have an opportunity to apply this program and to be educated in different countries. Secondly, English medium of instruction also provides some economical advantages to students. Thanks to the English medium of education, students do not have to spe nd any money to learn English. For instance, according to TOMER (n.d.) which is a far-famed and qualified foreign language course, the cost of the specific purpose foreign language courses is 576.00 TL. In addition to this, in this language course, there are speaking classes and their cost is also 350.00 TL (p.1). If the medium of instruction is English, students do not have to pay these high costs for learning English. Therefore, it gives an economical advantage to them. Furthermore, this educational style is useful for students when they find and apply a job. In Turkey, knowing English is very important quality for applying any job. Most companies want from their applicants to know English very well. If the medium of education is English, this increases the chance of finding a good job.Not only in educational and economical field, but also in friendly and melodic line support, the English medium of education at universities is useful for students. Firstly, in social life, it gives to students some advantages. For instance, students may gain a chance to live afield because when they graduate from English medium of universities, their level of English will give out high. Therefore, they will not any language problems when they live abroad. Furthermore, it is also beneficial in social relationships. If students know English, they have an opportunity to communicate and have friendship relation with foreign people or students.Hence, their social purlieu can expand. For example, at METU there are many foreign students and Turkish METU students have a chance to have foreign friends and communicate with foreign people. Secondly, this educational style has some advantages in traffic life. For instance, to work for international companies, English is very important because it is the common language in the world. If the graduates know their subjects in English very well, they automatically have a chance to work in these companies. Therefore, being a graduat e from English medium of universities is a very significant advantage for students. Moreover, it gives to students an opportunity to have business life in foreign countries. For instance, lots of METU graduates maintain their business life in foreign countries. Being a graduate from METU whose educational language is English gives them to this chance.All in all, in Turkey, if the educational language is English at universities, students gain lots of benefits from it. These are about their education, economy, social, and business life. When these benefits are thought and examined carefully, the importance of English for students can be obviously seen. Because English is the todays global language and it gives lots of advantages to students, the medium of instruction should be English at universities.REFERENCESBlmler ngilizce ktisat Tantm. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.istanbul.edu.tr/iktisat/bolumler.php Course fees. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.tomer.ankara.edu.tr/english/ind ex.html Haagen-Schtzenhfer, C. & Mathelitsch, L. (n.d.). English as a medium ofinstruction in science-teaching. Retrieved from http//www.fisica.uniud.it/girepseminar2001/CS06/HAAGEN_03_FINAL.pdf

‘Foul Shots’ by Rogelio Gomez Essay

The readings Foul Shots by Rogelio Gomez and Civilize them with a Stick by bloody shame Crow Dog reflects on the discrimination and prejudice experience in places of education. In Foul Sh proscribeds, Gomez examines the shame and anger he tangle as a teenager faced with obstacles of race and social sectionalisation while Mary, a Sioux woman spargons on the debasement and racialism in a sarcasm on color prejudice she suffered as a young student at a boarding school. They both write from past experiences in some measure of cynicism and open mockery they were face to in school. There is a general mood of hatred and indignation. Often, a single check mark in a box denominate Afri dejection American, Hispanic, American Indian, or one of s invariablyal other underrepresented minorities listed in the ethnicity section of college eligibility and rights can mean the difference between acceptance and rejection. Although assortment is an important part of a liberal education, it is by n o content its altogether goal. No liberal education can be express to take place where there is an atmosphere of resentment and injustice, as is the exemplar on most universities where assentient action is practiced today. An aggressive race-based affirmative action program contradicts the idea of a liberal education.The dogma has limpid consequences that are profoundly important. If dimmeds, for example, are equal to whites in every means, what accounts for their poverty, criminality, and diarrhoea? Since any theory of racial differences has been outlawed, the only possible explanation for black humiliation is racism. And since minorities are markedly poor, crime-prone, and dissipated like Mary suffers in Civilize them with a stick. All public discourse on race today is locked into this rigid logic. Though the disaster of minority students does non depend on white wickedness, Gomez in A foul supposition is stoned with disillusion of being labeled as a reading disabilit y because he fails to pass first grade.Look more examples of satire essaysThis type of disparage threatens to veer off into the forbidden territory of racial differences. A similar incident is noniced in Marys piece Civilize them with a stick where she is singled out as a bad example for unchastity in class. Thus, even if todays whites can find in their hearts no desire to oppress minorities, yesterdays whites must have oppressed them. Some whites do non consciously oppress blacks. They oppress them unconsciously. The dogma of racial equality leaves no room for an explanation of minority failure that is not, in some fashion, an indictment.The rational consequences of these discrimination and feelings of inferiority are clear in both readings. Since we are required to believe that the only explanation Marys failure is racism, every time a minority is poor, commits a crime, goes on wel farthermoste, or takes drugs, the priests and sisters stands accused of yet another act of racism. All failure or misbehavior by the white students, stand as proof that the hostelry is riddled with hatred and bigotry. For precisely so long as non-American Indians or non- pure Indians fail to succeed in life at only the same level as the minority students, the Indians will be, by definition, defeat and oppressing them. This obligatory pattern of thinking leads to strange conclusions. First of wholly, the racism in Marys school is a sin that is committed more or less exclusively by Holy people. Thus, whether or not an act is c whollyed racism depends on the race of the racist.There is another curious asymmetry about American racism. When non-whites advance their own racial purposes, no one ever accuses them of hating another group. They can agitate openly for racial selectences that come only at the expense of non-whites. The coach in Foul Shots tries to wipe out separation due to feelings of minority by asking both teams to bent grass out in pairs after the gam es. Should they actually go so far as to say that they prefer the company of their own kind that they longing to be left alone to enjoy the fruits of their heritage? Here, then is the final, perplex inconsistency about American race relations. All non-whites are allowed to prefer the company of their own kind, separating themselves from others who differ to think of themselves as groups with interests distinct from those of the whole, and to toy openly for group advantage.This kind of hatred is not peculiar to the colleges alone. umteen teenagers who are either in the hate groups or have a lack of faith in equality are made this way through their high schools. Many high schools are either all black or all white and influence the way that teens think. The all black schools even resemble the schools of old. They have minimal funding and lacking(p) equipment. They are always in the worst neighborhoods and are filled with drugs and violence. In all white high schools, on the other hand, students are not accustomed to being around blacks. This might be one of the reasons that blacks and whites do not mix well in colleges.At the same time, whites must also champion the racial interests of non-whites. They must sacrifice their own incoming on the altar of diversity and cooperate in their own dispossession. perchance if everyone would have a positive outlook on this problem in the future, there will be an end to all of the segregation in this nations schools and everywhere else that this pestilence exists. They only wish Mary asks in the Civilize them with a stick, is to be left alone to put down in the unfolding of her racial and cultural destinies.

Prozac Nation

Prozac Nation tells the story of Elizabeth Wurtzels childhood, her degraded relationship with her father who left her and her m other and refused to accept his responsibilities to his family, her move to Harvard, and her amiable decline leading to nigh(prenominal) stays in hospital and a suicide attempt. Finally, after trying many different psychotherapists, psychiatrists, and medications, she tries Prozac and it helps her upraise above her despair. In the Afterword to Prozac Nation, written for the paperback edition in 1995, Wurtzel asks the question that leave have occurred to many of her readers.What on earth makes a woman in her mid-twenties, thus outlying(prenominal) of no particular superior accomplishment, have the audacity to write a three-hundred page volume round her throw life and nothing more, as if anyone else would actually give a shit? (p. 354) She gives a long answer, the crux of which is I wanted this leger to dare to be completely self-indulgent, unhesitan t, and forthright in its telling of what clinical depression feels akin I wanted so in truth earnestly to write a book that felt as bad as it feels to feel this bad, to feel depressed.I wanted to be completely true to the feature of depressionto the thing itself, and not to the mitigations of translating it. I wanted to portray myself in the midst of this mental crisis precisely as I was difficult, demanding, impossible, unsatisfiable, self-centered, self-involved, and above all, self-indulgent. (p. 356) Wurtzel for sure succeeds in her aim to portray herself as capricious and self-preoccupied. Indeed, according to her own description, she seems so impulsive, self-preoccupied, needy in relationships, and manipulative that readers will probably interrogate whether depression is indeed Wurtzels intimately basic problem.Its very tempting to speculate that Wurtzel has just as much claim to a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder as she does to depression. Wurtzel says that her psychiatrists gave her a diagnosis of atypical depression, and DSM-IV-TR tells us that personality disorders may be more putting surface in those with atypical depression. Of course, even if I were a psychiatrist, which Im not, would be ridiculous to offer a diagnosis based on an autobiography.What is take place, however, is that Wurzels goal of telling some general truth intimately clinical depression is not accomplished. Reading Prozac Nation is a very different have a go at it from reading other memoirs of depression such as Tracy Thompsons The Beast and Martha Mannings Undercurrents because Wurtzel manages to elevate such a mixture of conflicting feelings in her reader, while other authors of depression memoirs provoke far more consistent sympathy. By the end of the book, one feels far more sympathy for Wurtzels mother and her friends than one does for her.Normally, I view myself as able to identify and empathize with people who suffer from safe mental illnesses, sc arce I have to confess that, given the path she describes herself, unless she has changed dramatically, Id recommend her friends to run a mile instead than put up with her manipulation. Note that one gets a similar pictorial matter from Wurtzels second memoir, More, Now, Again, (reviewed in Metapsychology April 2002) in which she becomes addicted to Ritalin and cocaine, and spends most of her clock time lying and hiding her addiction from her friends, mother and publisher.In Prozac Nation, Wurtzel several time suggests that she was addicted to depression and makes clear that her self-defeating behavior was oft willful. What makes it so hard to sympathize with her is that that her problem seems to be her personality, rather than some affliction she has to overcome. To be more precise, Wutzel describes herself sometimes as the agent of her predicament, and other times as the victim of it, and its unclear for the reader what reasons in that respect are for these switches.She man ipulates people close to her for instance, she tells calls her therapist at all times of the day and night, and then tells her therapist that if she does not listen to her problems, her (Wurtzels) blood will be on her (the therapists) hands. Sometimes even her crying seems like a deliberate action. But at other times she feels immobile, and buttockst get out of bed. Consider, for example, how she feels after her brief romance with a man called Rafe, uring which she was miserable, clingy, and insecure, and she explicitly ignored his request that he spend time away from her, since he needed to be with his family, who had their own needs. I couldnt move after Rafe left me. Really. I was stuck to my bed like a piece of chewing gum at the bottom of somebodys shoe, branded with the underside, adhering to someone who didnt want me, who kept stamping on me but still I wouldnt move away. (250) Wurtzels alternating word meaning and denial of her agency bemuses the reader, and ultimately mak es Wurtzel a less credible find oneself to her own mental states.Far from knowing exactly how it was for Wurtzel, even though it is clear that she was desperately unhappy for most of the time, readers will be confused and wearied by her narrative. Far from undermining the work, these features are what make Prozac Nation so distinctive, standing out among other memoirs. It is a tour de force, and a aright evocation of Wurtzels experience, although its not so clear whether that experience is depression, borderline personality disorder, or some other mental disorder.

Percentage Composition by Mass of Magnesium Oxide Essay

Percentage composition by mass of atomic number 12 oxide brood Objective To measure and calculate the ratio of magnesium to atomic number 8 in magnesium oxide. To compare the lab ratio to the percent composition tally based on the formula. Hypothesis Based on the law of certain(prenominal) proportions, the percentage composition of magnesium oxide should be around 60% magnesium and 40% oxygen.Materials* Goggles* Centigram or analytical balance* 2-4 cm magnesium ribbon* Steel Wool* Porcelain crucible and lid* Bunsen Burner* generate Stand* Ring Stand and Clamp* Clay Triangle* crucible Tongs* Glass Stirring Rod * Distilled WaterCalculations + Observation satisfy see the back of the report.DiscussionB) The fact that magnesium oxide was formed, which is a newborn substance, proved that a chemical matchion had taken place. E) Yes, the law of clear proportions is valid, because most of the other groups that had not encountered as many erroneous beliefs as us and they had more accurate results which were closer to the predicted compositions according to the law. The rest had similar results to us which proves that their errors were similar to ours. H) The white film on the surface of the magnesium was dolled up because it prevents reactions of magnesium and gas elements in the short letter. This was necessary because we wanted magnesium to react with oxygen and therefore had to remove the white film.ConclusionJ) Yes, the law of definite proportions is valid, because most of the other groups that had not encountered as many errors as us had more accurate results. The rest had similar results which proves that their errors were similar as well. Sources of errorYou have to be very precautious while doing this experiment. Here are reasons/ thinkable errors that could have been encountered * The magnesium oxide could have been lost through the crucible during the change process. This could result in the loss of the product. To prevent this, the lid should b e pot slightly off-center on the crucible so that only the air goes in.* When the glass stirring rod was used to crush the magnesium, there is a high chance that the magnesium oxide could have been left on it in the lead adding the water, resulting in the loss of product. To prevent this, the stirring rod should be held above the crucible and then pour the water slowly on to the destruction of the stirring rod so that the water would run down into the crucible while dragging the MgO from the stirring rod. * Magnesium could have not reacted with oxygen all. * The crucible might be left dirty with other particles in it that could have made variations in the MgO reaction.* The water could be contaminated.* All water might not have evaporated.* Magnesium having not been crushed completely into powder after reaction.* Rushing through experiment because of lack of time.* aspect of Problem with weighing scale.* Crucible had senseless weight due to extra contents that were unseen.

Soc/100 Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Media Analysis

Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Media epitome Amy SOC/100 November 7, 2011 Robert Murray Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Media Analysis The show I chose is called The big Bang Theory. The show is a comedy show themed close to a group of nerdy scientists who ar populates with a beautiful outgoing waitress. One of the nerds has a romantic interest in the neighbor but thinks he has no chance with her as she is out of his league. There is definite social diversity here as the nerds see themselves below the neighbors office in regards to relationships and finding love.Some scenes that apply to the social theme are when you see all the nerds at work it is clear that they are in the science field. There are microscopes, periodic tables, beakers, and math equations on rubbish and dry erase boards. The nerds rebelliously dress the part of the nerd. One wears thickset black rimmed glasses, another is tall, skinny, and wears his t-shirts tucked into his pants. One of the nerds is from India and seems diffident and does not talk to any muliebrityly counterpart, or any other female for that matter.The last nerd has a bowl haircut and it seems he tries too herculean to fit in with a crowd he bequeath never fit into. He wears leopard silk pajamas to bed and has a bowl haircut. There is defiantly a leader of the group as the other nerds follow him around and he seems to do a bigger portion of the talk of the town. The female neighbor is very confident in the counseling she walks and dresses at times a bit provocatively. When the neighbor is around the nerd with the glasses tends to demoralise sick and a bit looser in his posture.He close seems to cower to her, almost as if to hide from her when she is in a room. He clearly adores her with the way he ports at her when she is around. He does talk to her however she tends to dominate the conversations. He seems to enjoy being around her and talking to her even though he is very nervous. The female neig hbor also surprisingly seems to enjoy talking to the nerd in the glasses as she isnt as unlikable off to him as she is with the others. She looks at him when he talks to her and she isnt carrefour her arms or turning away from him.It seems though that they do not hang out socially outside of their apartment building object for the times the nerds eat at the restaurant the neighbor works at. In some of the situations I see the nerd with the glasses and the neighbor it leads me to view that something romantic will happen eventually. I think when wad look at relationships they tend to think each of the individuals as equals socially. Most people seem to think that couples come from the same social circles and it is not very much you would see a young beautiful woman with a shy science nerd.The same goes for say an older man or woman with a younger person. Many people would say its opposed for older people to date those younger than them, while others think opposites attract. So when it comes to the science nerd and the beautiful neighbor I hope they get the chance to have a relationship with each other, maybe it will take them out of their norm and give them a chance to capture something new. Things would be pretty boring if we were all the same and people didnt shake things up a bit

A Health and Fitness Company Essay

You be a top executive in your corporation. After careful consideration, you were selected to exercise on a project to wasting disease MIS to change the way business is run. In a group of 5, you get out be responsible for researching the practices in your manufacture, identify the strengths and weaknesses of the sedulousness, and scram an innovative plan to subroutine MIS to make better on current practices. Finally, you will be required to arouse a typed tell and deliver an oral presentation to the climb on of directors following these guidelines Your address MUST hold the following side headings1. History and ground (provide detailed information about the assiduity, chivalric and present business model/practices, the attentions strengths and weaknesses) 2. Target Customer (identify the drive customer in terms of age, gender, income, location, necessitateetc. Have your customers inevitably changed oer the years? Are all their needs fulfilled? Is there a sp ana lyseing between customers needs and market offerings?) 3. aspiration (who is your competition? What are your plans to ensure that you are steps ahead of your competition and how will you serve advantageously to changes in the competitive environs?) 4. Survey and Results (you are required to origination a survey to help you with your project. Be sure to include a imitation of your survey questions, sample size, summary of results, and recommendations)5. Proposed engross of MIS (explain how MIS will benefit your industry/corporation. contribute details of the benefits and challenges of using MIS in your industry/corporation) 6. Implications (what are the implications of the suggested engagement of MIS on the industry?) 7. Financial Benefits (what are the costs and financial benefits of using your proposed plan? Explain the shock absorber on revenue, fixed costs, variable costs, sign investment, training, implementation, customer acquisition, customer retention, and custom er satisfaction) 8. The incoming(a) (what changes do you foresee in the future of your industry/corporation? How will you respond to changes in technology, processes, competitive environment, customers taste/needs, stinting environmentetc.?)The purpose of your research is to a) provide you with an opportunity to learn more about a specific industry and the current processes use b) Identify opportunities to use MIS to change how business is run and rectify on current business practices. totally group members must participate in the preparation of the written report and rescue of the oral presentation. Do not read directly from your report (you may use index cards to remind yourself of key points), face the audience when presenting. Allow clock time for questions from the audience and be nimble to answer them. Audience members must be prepared to ask questions also. Your report must be TYPED, double-spaced, use Times New romish size 12 font for remains of report. Include a c over scallywag (with all group members names, title (Industry/corporation), date, presented to Prof. Eshra) and a correctly formatted references page (APA) for all sources used (minimum of 5 different sources).Prepare a minimum of 10 PowerPoint slides to use when presenting your report. earlier your due date, you are required to submit a printed copy as well as an electronic copy of 1. Your report (10 pages minimum excluding cover page/ tabulate of contents/references) April 6, 2013 2. PowerPoint presentation (minimum 10 slides)-Submit on the day you present Be as creative as you can to get under ones skin the attention of your audience (use of multimedia, original digital pictures, short videos is encouraged).

Web Mining Homework

A Recommender clay ground On weave selective info archeological site for Personalized E- learnedness Jinhua Sun surgical incision of Computer cognizance and engine room Xiamen University of Technology, XMUT Xiamen, mainland China email&160protected edu. cn Yanqi Xie De occasionment of Computer knowledge and Technology Xiamen University of Technology, XMUT Xiamen, China email&160protected edu. cn kidnapIn this paper, we introduce a entanglement entropy digging olution to e- tuition schema to perk up hidden patterns strategies from their apprentices and electronic net hold up entropy, cast a personalized barracker body that uptakes meshwork digging techniques for commending a student which ( near) links to ensure at heart an adap control board e- learn system, propose a new theoretical account ignorantd on selective education exploit technology for create a nett-page recommender system, and demonstrate how selective information archeological commit tech nology ass be in effect applied in an e- teaching surroundings.Keywords data minelaying net log,e- cultivation recommender readily interpreted by the analyst. A virtual e- education good example is proposed, and how to conjure e- teaching by means of tissue selective information mine is discussed. II. RELATED WORK I. INTRODUCTION With the rapid discipline of the World Wide clear, wind vane info exploit has been extensively employ in the quondam(prenominal) for analyzing huge collections of info, and is shortly macrocosm applied to a motley of domains 1. In the recent days, e- acquirement is adequate leafy vegetable practice and widespread in China.With the development of e- instruction, colossal amounts of development years argon functional on the e-Learning system. When entering e-Learning System, the prentices be ineffectual to make love where to begin to learn with divers(a) courses. Therefore, bookmans waste a lot of sequence on e-Learning system , but dont get the good study result. It is very(prenominal) difficult and time consuming for educators to well grade and assess all the activities performed by all learners.In tell apart to over suffice much(prenominal) a problem, the recommender education system is required. Recommender systems ar utilize on many electronic network sites to help drug exploiters happen upon provoke concomitants 2, them foresee a exploiters druthers and suggest circumstances by analyzing the past orientation course selective information of users, e- education system is applied on the basis of the method. The users learning route is condition and then provides the applicable learners useful messages by dint of dynamically reckoning for the appropriate learning visibleness.This paper recommends learners the studying activities or learning compose finished the technology of tissue dig with the purpose of helping they subscribe a proper learning profile, we call a frame work that aims at etymon to e-learning to discover the hidden insight of learning profile and weather vane information. We demonstrate how data dig technology ordure be in effect applied in an e-learning milieu. The framework we propose shargons the results of the data digging run as input, and converts these results into actionable necktie, by enriching them with information that can beThe route where the learner browses with the web pages pass on be state down in nett log, carries on the technology of tissue exploit through Learning Profile and net log, and analyzes from the materials link up to fellowship tower. It can be demonstrate the best learning profile from this information. These learning profiles combine with the Agent and put them on the learning website. Furthermore, the Agent recommends the function of learning profiles on learning website. Therefore, the learner leave acquire a wear out learning profile.This chapter briefly illustrates the rele vant contents including e-Learning, Learning Profile, Agent, sack up entropy digging and friendship design. A. E-learning E-learning is the online delivery of information for purposes of education, fostering, or noesis management. In the learning age skills and intimacy ingest to be continually updated and brush up to keep up with todays fastpaced study environment. E-learning is also growing as a delivery method for information in the education field and is becoming a major learning activity. It is a blade- changed system that makes noesis accessible to those who need it.They can learn anytime and anywhere. E-learning can be useful twain as an environment for facilitating learning at schools and as an environment for efficient and effective corporate training 3. B. A Glance at Web Data Web usage mine performs tap on web data, particularly data stored in logs managed by the web innkeepers. All accesses to a web site or a web-based lotion atomic number 18 tracked b y the web legion in a log containing chronologically ordered movements indicating that a abandoned URL was requested at a habituated time from a abandoned machine using a given web client (i. e. browser).As shown in table 1, Web log contains the website hit information, such(prenominal) as visitors IP address, date and time, required pages, and status ordinance indicating. The web log raw 978-1-4244-4994-1/09/$25. 00 2009 IEEE data is required to be converted into database format, so that data mining algorithms can be applied to it. TABLE I. weathervane logarithm EXAMPLES Web logs 172. 158. 133. 121 01/Nov/2006234600 -0800 chance /work /assignmnts/mid bound-solutions. pdf HTTP/1. 1&8243206 29803 2006-12-14 002356 209. 247. 40. 108 168. 144. 44. 231 GET /robots. txt 200 600 119 125 HTTP/1. 0 www. a0598. com ia_archiver sefulness and certainty of a sway on an individual basis 5. Support, as usefulness of a rule, describes the symmetry of transactions that contain bot h items A and B, and government agency, as validity of a rule, describes the rest of transactions containing item B among the transactions containing item A. The crosstie rules that satisfy user specified minimum support door (minSup) and minimum confidence threshold (minCon) be called strong association rules. D. Web dig for E-learning Learning profile help learner to keep a record of their genuine knowledge and understanding of e-learning and elearning activities.Web mining is the application of data mining techniques to discover significant patterns, profiles, and trends from both the content and usage of Web sites. Web usage mining performs mining on web data, particularly data stored in logs managed by the web servers. The web log provides a raw distinguish of the learners navigation and activities on the site. In order to process these log entries and extract blue-chip patterns that could be utilise to enhance the learning system or help in the learning evaluation, a significant modify and transformation phase needs to take place so as to secure the information for data mining algorithms 6.Web server log files of original common web servers contain insufficient data upon which to base thorough analysis. The data we use to urinate our recommended system is based on association rules. E. testimonial Using joining Rules wholeness of the best-known examples of data mining in recommender systems is the discovery of association rules, or item-to-item correlations 7. standoff rules nurse been used for many years in merchandising, both to analyze patterns of preference across point of intersections, and to recommend products to consumers based on former(a) products they allow selected.Recommendation using association rules is to predict preference for item k when the user preferred item i and j, by adding confidence of the association rules that convey k in the result part and i or j in the condition part 4. An association rule expresses t he relationship that one product is very much purchased along with other products. The number of feasible association rules grows exponentially with the number of products in a rule, but constraints on confidence and support, combined with algorithms that build association rules with item sics of n items from rules with n-1 item sets, reduce the effective search space. connection rules can form a very compact re pass onation of preference data that whitethorn improve expertness of storage as well as performance. In its simplest implementation, item-to-item correlation can be used to place equiping items for a single item, such as other clothing items that ar commonly purchased with a pair of pants. More powerful systems match an entire set of items, such as those in a customers shopping cart, to identify appropriate items to recommend. The web data is massive since the visitors every wrap up in the website will leave several(prenominal) records in the tables.This also allow s the website owner to track visitors look details and discover rich patterns. C. Data tap Techniques The term data mining refers to a broad spectrum of numerical modeling techniques and software tools that are used to attend patterns in data and user these to build models. In this context of recommender applications, the term data mining is used to describe the collection of analysis techniques used to derive tribute rules or build recommendation models from large data sets.Recommender systems that incorporate data mining techniques make their recommendations using knowledge learned from the actions and attributes of users. Classical data mining techniques include classification of users, purpose associations mingled with different product items or customer behavior, and clustering of users 4. 1) Clustering Clustering techniques work by identifying groups of consumers who appear to have like preferences. Once the clusters are created, averaging the opinions of the other co nsumers in her cluster can be used to make predictions for an individual.Some clustering techniques represent each user with partial participation in several clusters. The prediction is then an honest across the clusters, weighted by period of participation. 2) Classification Classifiers are general computational models for assigning a category to an input. The inputs whitethorn be vectors of features for the items being classified or data about relationships among the items. The category is a domain-specific classification such as malignant/benign for tumor classification, approve/ refuse for credit requests, or intruder/ clear for security checks.One way to build a recommender system using a classifier is to use information about a product and a customer as the input, and to have the output category represent how powerfully to recommend the product to the customer. 3) Association Rules Mining Association rule mining is to search for interesting relationships between items by fin ding items frequently appeared together in the transaction database. If item B appeared frequently when item A appeared, then an association rule is denoted as A B (if A, then B).The support and confidence are ii measures of rule interestingness that reflect III. WEB DATA MINING FRAMEWORK FOR E-COMMERCE RECOMMENDER SYSTEMS A. A Visual Web Log Mining Architecture for Personalized E-learning Recommender System In this section, we present A Visual Web Log Mining Architecture for e-learning recommender to enable personalized, named V-WebLogMiner, which relies on mining and on visualization of Web Services log data captured in elearning environment. The V-WebLogMiner is such a odel with the mining technology and analysis of web logs or other records, the system could find learners interests and habits. small-arm an old learner is visiting the website, the system will automatically match with the lively session and recommend the most relevant hyperlinks what the learner interests. As shown in ikon1, V-WebLogMiner is a multi-layered architecture capable to deal with both Web learner profiles and traditional Web server logs as input data. It maintains trine main brokers data preprocessing mental faculty, Web mining module and recommendation module. ) Web Mining staff The Web mining module discovers valuable knowledge assets from the data sedimentation containing learners personal data by executes the mining algorithms, tracked data of learners performance and behavior, automatically identify each learners frequently sequential pages and store them to recommend database. When the learner visit the site next time, hyperlinks of those pages will be added so that the learner could instantly link to his individual pages being remembered.The major component of Web mining module is Web data mining which acts as a conductor imperious and synchronizing every component within the module. The Web data mining module is also responsible for interfacing with the storag e. The learning profile evaluation component provide indite tool to collect personal data of learner and tracking tool to cite learners actions including like and dislike information. For personalization applications, we apply rule discovery methods individually to every learners data.To discover rules that describe the behavior of individual learner, we use various data mining algorithms, such as Apriori 8 for association rules and CART (Classification and reverse Tress) 9 for classification. 3) Recommendation Module The recommendation module is a recommendations railway locomotive it is in charge of bulk freight rate data from course database, executing SQL commands against it and provides the leaning of recommended links to visualization tools.For the recommendation module, recommendations engine is responsible for the synchronizing process index and mapping, is a component for storing and searching recommend assets to be used in the learning process. The recommendation eng ine considers the active learners in conjunction with the recommended database to provide personalized recommendations, it directly related to the personalization on the website and the development of elearning system. The projection of the recommendation engine is to determine the example of the learner online and compute recommendations based on the recent actions of that learner.The decision is based on the knowledge attained from the recommended database. The recommender engine is worked up each time that the learner visits a web page. primary, if at that place are clusters in the recommended database, then the engine has to classify the current learner to determine the most plausibly cluster. We have to communicate with the engine to know the current number of pages visited and average knowledge of the learner. Then, we use the centroid minimum distance method 10 for assigning the learner to the cluster whose centroid is encompassing(prenominal) to that learner.Finally, we make the recommendation fit to the rules in the cluster. So, only the rules of the corresponding cluster are used to match the current web page in order to throw the current refer of recommended links 11. 4) The visualization tools Visualization tools should be used to present implicit and useful knowledge from recommendations engine, Web services usage and composition. Data can be viewed at different levels Figure 1. A visual web mining architecture for Personalized E-learning Recommender System ) Data Preprocessing Module The data preprocessing module is set of programs used to prepare data for nurture processing. For instance extraction, cleaning, transformation and loading. This module uses Web log files and learner profile files to predate the data repository. The data preparation component is used to parse and transform perspicuous ASCII files produced by a Web server to a standard database format. This component is grievous to make the architecture independent from the Web server supplier. of granularity and abstractions as patrolled orchestrates graphs 12, 13.This visual model well shows the interrelationships and dependencies between different components. Interactively, the model can be used to discover sensitivities and to do approximate optimization, etc. B. The Procedure of the Data is Explained As show in systema skeletale 1, the beginning learner, that is to say the earliest one, will study in the e-Learning teaching platform. The course materials of Web studying system come from the course database. The data of learners learning profiles may be put down in the learner profile files and Web log files.Then next step is to find out the best learning profile from the proceeded data of Web log through web mining to proceed with Association rule and others data mining algorithm. These learning profiles need to be classifiedevery field has relevant courses and better learning profiles. The recommender engine will offer the list of recomm ended links when learners study the courses. With the above information and learning profiles, when the future learners study in Web, recommender engine offers related link lists according to recommend database. However, these link lists may not be suitable for all learners.Therefore, by and by finishing recommendation every time, there are systems of assessing. The learner (n +1) evaluates the learning profiles that are recommended. Because the profiles analyzed by system may not be perfect, if there are adjustments of evaluation would make the recommendation line up to learners asks more. These suggestions can help learners navigate better relevant resources and fast recommend the online materials, which help learners to select pertinent learning activities to improve their performance based on on-line behavior of successful learners.IV. induction AND FUTURE WORK There are some possible extensions to this work. Research for analyzing learners past studying pattern will enable to detect an appropriate. Furthermore, it will be an interesting research area to effectively assay session boundaries and to improve the efficiency of algorithms for web data mining. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors gratefully endorse the financial subsidy provided by the Xiamen Science and Technology Bureau under 3502Z20077023, 3502Z20077021 and YKJ07013R project. REFERENCES 1 2 D. J. H and, H. Mannila, and P. Smyth.Principles of Data Mining. MIT Press, 2000. J. B. Schafer, J. A. Konstan, and J. Riedl. Recommender systems in ecommerce. In ACM convention on Electronic Commerce, pages 158166, 1999. Liaw, S. &038 Hung ,H. How Web Technology Can facilitate Learning. Information Systems Management, 2002. Choonho Kim and Juntae Kim, A Recommendation Algorithm Using Multi-Level Association Rules, Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE/WIC International group on Web Intelligence, p. 524, October 13-17, 2003. J. Han and M. Kamber, Data Mining Concepts and Techniques, Morgan Kaurmann Publishers, 2000 Z a?? ane, O.R. &038 Luo, J. Towards evaluating learners deportment in a web-based distance learning environment. In Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT01), p. 357 360, 2001. Sarwar, B. , Karypis, G. , Konstan, J. A. , &038 Reidl, J. Item-based Collaborative Filtering Recommendation Algorithms. Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on World Wide Web, pp. 285 295, 2001. R. Agrawal et al. , disruptive Discovery of Association Rules, Advances in familiarity Discovery and Data Mining, AAAI Press, Menlo Park, Calif. , 1996, chap. 12. L. Breiman et al. Classification and Regression Trees, Wadsworth, Belmont, Calif. , 1984. MacQueen, J. B. Some Methods for classification and Analysis of multivariate Observations. In Proceedings of of 5-th Berkeley Symposium on numerical Statistics and Probability, 1967, pp. 281297. Cristobal Romero, Sebastian Ventura and Jose A. Delgado et al. , Personalized Links Recommendation Based on Data Mining in Adaptive Educational Hypermedia Systems, Creating spick-and-span Learning Experiences on a international Scale,2007, pp. 292-306. Inselberg, A. Multidimensionl detective, In IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization, 1997, vol. 00, p. 00-110 . Ware, C. Information Visualization Perception for Design,Morgan Kaufmann, New York, 2000. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Recommender systems have emerged as powerful tools for helping users find and evaluate items of interest. The research work presented in this paper makes several contributions to the recommender systems for personalized e-learning. First of all, we propose a new framework based on web data mining technology for building a Web-page recommender system. Additionally, we demonstrate how web data mining technology can be effectively applied in an e-learning environment. 11 12 13