Disney Corporate Strategy(a).Pdf Essay

Introduction The undermenti unmatchedd big take every(prenominal) over shinny and it would be a beauty may consider Walt Disney Productions. By the clipping you get this issue, Disneys self-denial strategy may already be unfolding. But it will claim no quick victory for Disney level(p) if a white knight comes along, and purge if the principle attacker, capital of Minnesota Steinberg, can be bought morose. One by one, Hollywoods great studios take a shit been plucked by the smart out(p)-of-t receive moneymen. Paramount by the late Charles Bluhdorn. twentieth Century-Fox by Marvin Davis and Marc Rich. MGMUnited Artists by Kirk Kerkorian. Columbia by Coca-Cola. Now, it may be Disneys turn. But Disney will non go quietly. Forbes, June 4, 1984 Ron moth miller, Disney Productions chief operating officer reflected on the infrequent events of the last(prenominal) several(prenominal) months. Disney, the symbol of heart-healthy family delight, had become the target of a contrary takeover attempt by a well-known raider, Saul Steinberg. Steinberg now have 12% of the firm and was threatening to capture overmuch(prenominal). While Miller had orchestrated several defensive maneuvers, Steinberg had now announced a public t mop uper twisting to buzz off 49% of the equity at a determine that was a 45% tri scarcelye over where the tenor had been earlier to the raid. To soak upage this leverage, Steinberg was promising to sell the flash depository depository library and certain real country assets to external investors. Steinberg also had a track insert of accepting greenmail, having received $47 billion just months prior from Quaker democracy Oil Company. Miller faced a clear dilemma as to how go virtually to respond. Should he continue the defensive fight by paying greenmail or should he encourage the board to sell the participation? History of Disney With a $ calciferol loan, animator Walt Disney and his brother Roy effectuateed Walt Disney Productions, an animation blast studio, in 1923 in Anaheim California. One of Disneys brainiacting popular toons was Oswald the Lucky Rabbit. Unfortunately, Disney lost the 1 Research Associate Peter Eberle on the watch this case under the super view ofprof Todd R. Zenger of the Olin indoctrinate of problem for exclusive physical exercise as an in-class discussion piece. The in brass in this case was obtained from published reference books and in virtu in ally instances raw data has been estimated. *This case is ground upon Walt Disney Productions Greenmail published by Harvard communication channel enlighten Publishing, 1988. kinfolk 2002 revise family line 2009 accept dispute with his distributor beca usage Disney did non own the copyright. afterwards this incident, Disney was genuinely astute intimately maintaining copyright control over his characters and content. Disneys break finished came in 1928 with the stimulate short, S group upboat Will ie, the basic awake(p) depiction featuring sound. It also introduced the setoff of umpteen famous and eternal Disney cartoon characters, Mickey Mouse. Disney also was the counterbalance to use color animation with the cartoon Flowers and Trees in 1930. In another innovative and uncollectible move, Disney created and released the starting line feature-length frolicsome film, Snow White, in 1937. At the time, full-length animated films were not considered commercially vi equal. Nonetheless, Snow White was a critical and commercial success and was the advance(prenominal) in a string of animated films over the next decades, including Pinocchio, Fantasia, Dumbo, Bambi, Peter Pan, Cinderella, and sleeping Beauty. Disneys films were initially lucky cod to the style and high feel of animation, come to to detail, timeless and family-oriented story lines, and timeless characters such(prenominal)(prenominal) as Mickey Mouse, Goofy, and Donald Duck. Disney not and used these characters finishedout multiple films and cartoons, but also leveraged and increased their reach through with(predicate) marketing, beginning in 1929 with a pass Mickey Mouse pencil tablet. Placing these characters on T-shirts, watches, toys and other items increased both net bet and recognition of the characters, and Disney, among consumers. adjacent his success in animated films, Disney go into non-animated films in the 1944 with the presidency of the Educational and Industrial demand Division. The first major success of this component part was st angstrom Island, a nature film that win an Oscar in 1949. Also in 1949, Disney make a medical specialty friendship to create, introduce and maintain control over the music and songs featured in Disney businesss but ofttimes performed by famousartists. Disney subsequently moved into vital-action features with Treasure Island in 1950. Disney continued to acquaint in the live-action format by have animation with live a ction in the film Mary Poppins. As Disneys film library had grown, Disney brought distribution in-house with the formation of Buena Vista Distribution Co., in 1953. In films, Disney kept costs low by riseing its own talent pool. For cartoon features, characters were infinitely reusable and never required a salary, musical composition for live-action features, Disney shied away from utilise well-known and expensive talent. Audiences were drawn because of the nature Disney had collar for providing quality, reliable, and predictable family entertainment. In the too soon 1950s, Disney was quick to recognize the ontogenesis forte of television to provide new(a) outlets for Disney characters with The wonderful public of Disney first airing in 1953 and The Mickey Mouse Club in 1955. Disneys television productions both the long-running shows and features were quite a successful. During the same time, Walt Disney envisioned a shank greenness that would bring the characters a nd stories of Disney to life featuring entertainment for all ages. Again, his idea was considered too hazardous and he was unable to raise corporeal away(p) funding for the project. He purchased 225 demesne outside of Anaheim and assailable Disneyland in 1955. Disney schema (A) 2 Olin worry aim folk 2002 revise kinfolk 2009Disneyland was hugely successful, grossing $10 trillion in 1956. Cross-promotion of the third estate was achieved through featuring it on the Wonderful ground of Disney. The barely drawback of Disneyland was that private hotel, restaurant and shop owners who construct adjacent to the lay profited hugely from park attending, but Disney was unable to destiny in these taxs. Additionally, due to the small size of the park there was little live for barely development both inside and outside of the park To address the drawbacks of Disneyland, Disney purchased 28,000 acres come out Orlando Florida in 1964 and 1965. This would provide the site for Wa lt Disney universe of discourse, which would take on not exclusively the root park aspects of Disneyland, but also hotels and accommodations, shopping, c deoxyadenosine monophosphateereing, natural areas, and enduring residential and industrial areas. Also, with 28,000acres (as unlike to Disneylands 225) there was axerophtholle room for future expansion. As with Disneyland, Walt Disney World was super well planned and laid out with no expense spared to achieve the quality and attention to detail for which Disney was known. Following the go-ahead in 1972, the park was wildly popular and extremely profitable, attracting 11 zillion visitors and pitch in $139 jillion in tax tax revenues its first year. Walt Disney World would shortly become the morsel one travel destination in the world. Disney formed the Walt Disney conk Company to work with travel agents, tour organizers and airlines in target to drive travel to the Walt Disney World area. Walt Disney World provided the stage for another of Disneys prophet exploits, the Experimental Prototype Community of tomorrow (EPCOT), the concept for which Disney laid out prior to his death in 1966. EPCOTs spin began in the 1970s and it opened in 1982. Following Walts death, Roy O. Disney assumed lead and focused on the theme lay completing Walt Disney World and EPCOT. The successes of the theme position light-emitting diode to a joint gauge with the Oriental Land Company of japan in 1976 to develop Tokyo Disneyland, which opened in 1983. This project required no capital investment from Disney, who received a percentage-based licensing fee, as well as provided consulting function during trading operations. The venture was apprehendly owned by the Japanese partner, but was planned and operated by Disney. In 1983, the Disney television receiver group entered the credit line TV distribution with the Disney Channel. Also in 1983, they launched Touchstone Films, an independent film label, to conquer Disney to produce and market films with more come along content and reach a more adult audience where movie attendance was strong. It was hoped that an independent label would not blot the Disney image. The first release was Splash, in 1984, which was the highest grossing Disney film since 1964. Walt Disney Productions championshipes As Disney grew over time, new subsidiaries and segmentations were created as Disney engaged in new activities. The in mergedd office grew to manage the various subsidiaries and divisions. By the late 70s, Disney had four capital business lines Entertainment & Re existence, doubtfulness Pictures, Consumer products, and Real Estate. Disney outline (A) 3 Olin Business take aimfamily 2002 revise folk 2009The Motion Pictures group oversaw animation and production of films, managed rerelease of existing film properties, television production, and the bank line television channel. This divisions office to revenues and net income to the overall company had steady decreased over time, falling off significantly by the mid-70s (with the groups in truth losing money in 1983). Production of animated films fell off with the slack existence taken up by live action films including sequel series such as Herbie, The Love Bug. Walt had been averse to sequels and followers popular sentiment. Live-action films released during the 70s had been immortal money losers contributing heavily to the draw in divisional net profit. It was hoped that the newly established Touchstone Films studio would appeal to a wider range of audiences and increase both revenue and profitability. In 1983, Disneys long stand presence on prime time television ended with the cancellation of The Wonderful World of Disney. The group relied on re-release of the classic animated features to bolster revenue, often tying distribution of new films to the re-releases. This also had the effect of forever introducing younger generations to the Disney classics. Whil e the cling to of Disneys film library was significant, the group found difficulty in determining the shell vehicle to realize the maximum valuate. It was mat up the television and home video releases would consume or otherwise lessen the existing, profitable, subject field re-release channel. It was estimated the value of Disneys film library was worth $275 million ( debunk 6). While having a successful launch, the Disney assembly line pay-channel would take a number of years before seemly profitable. The Entertainment & Recreation division managed the theme put, hotels, managing the licensing arrangement with Tokyo Disneyland, and wariness of the land surrounding Disney World. While the theme park and resort business was the near(prenominal) recent new business, or variegation move by Disney, it had grown to sureness in the corporation. In terms of revenue and net income, it accounted for close to 79% of jibe revenue and 90% of positive corporate profits ( exhibi t 1). While operating income jumped significantly in 1983, the prior years provided very modest growth. Moreover, attendance at Disneyland had been unconditioned for five-spot years. Consumer Products managed the merchandising of Disney characters and intellectual properties that include character merchandising (the leadrevenue generator), publishing and give-and-takes, music and records, and educational media. The division had been consistently profitable, but there was concern because of increased competition from newer cartoon characters with more television exposure. in operation(p) income had been rather categorical over the prior four years. leading at Walt Disney Productions From the founding of the company until his death, Walt Disney created or approved every major strategic move and development. He provided the vision and critical lead that made Walt Disney Productions successful. He realized his belief that one Disney outline (A) 4 Olin Business naturalisefamily 2002 Revised folk 2009could create a timeless entertainment experience that would appeal to the undefiled family, children and adults a like. Additionally, he maintained complete control over the customers entertainment experience in dictate to ensure that the Disney philosophy and experience was complete. Walt Disney endlessly innovated and took significant risks on new ideas and concepts, most of which met with significant success. His confidence and acumen in identifying and vigorously pursuing good ideas led to numerous firsts in entertainment. Walt Disney also situated great importance on sledding the Disney culture and values on to all employees, including executives, with all new employees attending a training program where the companys value and strategy were explained. Great value was placed on communicating openly, teamwork, creativity, and cooperation. Walt providential a congenial, informal atmosphere throughout the organization. This culture was very deep among employees, many of whom spent their entire careers with Disney. Disney University was founded to be the keeper and purveyor of the Disney culture. Walt, who died on December 14, 1966, was succeeded by his brother, Roy O. Disney. Upon Roys death in 1971, Card Walker, who had been with the company since 1938, assumed the leadership position. Following the pass completion of EPCOT center, Card resigned and was succeeded by Ron Miller. Being Walt Disneys son-in-law, it had been expected that Ron Miller would eventually be appointed to CEO. precedent to his appointment to CEO in 1983, he had led the Disney film studio since 1976. Ron Miller, a football game star at USC, had met Walts daughter Diane while in college and married shortly there later on.Following a brief stint in the Military he played for the Los Angeles Rams football team. Concerned over his being knocked unconscious(p) in two games, Walt urged him to quit football and work for the company. In general, people were pr omoted from inside the company ranks, usually based on seniority. Through 1984, Disney was managed by its founders, family and insiders who had grown up within the organization. Although possessing many years of experience within Disney, the post-Walt solicitude lacked Walts vision and leadership. At the core of Disney were Walts ideas and thousand accomplishments to which it seemed that no one but Walt could manufacture upon. And, attempts to capture and pass down his leadership style were unsuccessful. Additionally, much of the focus pursual Walts death was on fulfilling his terminal wishes and serving as caretakers to the kingdom. Upon taking control, Ron Miller saw the need to create new legacies for Disney, particularly in the films group. around positives resulted, including the creation of the Touchstone label and release of successful films like Tron and Splash. Nonetheless, these additive actions lacked the impact that many of Walts grand ideas had had on the company and the industry.Disney Strategy (A)5Olin Business take aimSeptember 2002 Revised September 2009In 1983, the Disney family collectively held around 13.7% of Disney with Roy E. Disney being the largest of the family pedigreeholders with around 3% will power and a bathroom on the menu of Directors. Managers and long-time employees held 2-7% of the company. With the super legal age vote rule in place, requiring in excess of 80% stockholder blessing to affect a management change, and unified Disney and management shareholder group, the current management felt that it could operate without concern of shareholder and market pressures. pecuniary Performance and embodiment From the early 1960s until a compass point in 1973, Disneys carry expense had steadily outperformedthe S&P 500. In the next years the course price had declined somewhat and then stagnated through the late 70s and early 80s (Exhibit 4). While the share price had tiped at $84 per share in early 1983 after the initial success of EPCOT, it fell into the $40-range following news of losses in the film division. Additionally, EPS performance had declined significantly from a peak of $4.16 per share in 1980 to $2.70 per share in 1983, the lowest EPS in the past 6 years. Throughout its history, Disney had generally operated completely relieve of debt, only occasionally taking on debt for completion of large projects, such as with the final construction phases of EPCOT in 1981, 1982 and 1983 (Exhibit 1). Prior to 1981, Disney was relatively debt free since 1977. Even when Disney took on debt, leverage was low (with a coverage ratio of 11.6 in 1983). Due to the tremendous amount of free cash diminish thrown off from the theme parks, Disney had been able to internally fund growth without needing to access code the capital markets regularly. The debt taken on to complete EPCOT, as prior experience dictated, would be paid down rather rapidly once revenue from EPCOT was realized. However, t here was growing dissatisfaction and impatience among the investing community in regards to managements lack of necessity regarding Disneys lackadaisical neckcloth performance. Although near-term earnings forecasts predicted improvements, there were no signs of improvement in stock value. psychoanalysts and the media had begun to increase pressure on management by publishing the break-up value of Disneys business lines. These values ranged from $60 to as much as $ cx per share, well above the current concern value (Exhibit 3). Moreover, the end of year 1983 book value per share ( add up assets/shares outstanding) was around $68 per share while the year-end stock price was $52-5/8. hostile Takeover Attempts, denial and Greenmail On March 9, 1984 the price of Walt Disney Productions stock was $52-1/4 and had been stable over the past 6 months. On March 9, Roy E. Disney resigned from the Board of Directors after being re-elected to the Board in February. Shortly thereafter, tradin g volume of Disney stock increased several times over the average daily volume, pushing the price upward (Exhibit 5). By March 23, Disney stock closed at $66-7/8. In Disney Strategy (A) 6 Olin Business instructSeptember 2002 Revised September 2009preparation of an discernible takeover attempt, Ron Miller and his management team increased Disneys credit line from $400 million to $1.3 billion. At the end of March, Saul Steinbergs Reliance pecuniary Services Corporation announced that it had purchased 6.3% of Disneys stock and intended to buy more. By April 13, Steinberg had increased his share of Disney to 9.3%, costing around $176.9 million. Roy E. Disney had also increased his share of Disney to 4% from 2.7%. In late April, Steinberg declared his disembodied spirit to increase his share to as much as 25% and executed a million share block purchase on May 1st for $65.50 per share. After assembling a takeover defense team, Disney announced a deal to acquire Arvida Corporation on M ay 17th. Arvida was a southeastern US real estate development company that was controlled by the deep brothers of Texas who had purchased 70% of Arvida for $20 million five months prior. The thick brothers would receive $200 million in Disney stock. The deal was denounced separately by both Steinberg and Roy E. Disney as destroying shareholder value. Steinberg exist to block the transaction by acquire control of Disney and selling the assets. In scandalise of Roy E. Disneys opposition and Steinbergs threat, the attainment was closed, issuing 3.3 million shares, or 8.8% of Disney, to the Bass Brothers. Steinbergs 4.2 million shares now controlled only 10% of the company down from 12%. The move also diluted Roy E. Disneys ownership stake. In a progress move to dilute Steinbergs ownership stake, Disney announced a deal on June 6th 1984 to acquire Gibson come up to cards for $310 million in stock from an LBO partnership. Gibson Greeting cards had licensed numerous popular carto on characters (Bugs Bunny, Garfield the Cat, etc.) for its cards but did not have any licensing agreements for Disney characters. The acquisition of Gibson, which had been purchased from RCA in 1982 for $80 million (most of which was debt), would add $41 million to Disneys debt and dilute Disneys equity by an additional $310 million in stock. Two days later in an attempt to block the deal, Saul Steinberg made a complaisant offer of $67.50 per share cash for 37.1% of Disney received with a promise to boost the offer to $72.50 in cash and securities for cancellation of the Gibson acquisition. By that time, Steinberg had spent $265.6 million for his 10% ownership stake in Disney. Steinberg obtained additional financing to support this tender offer by granting Kirk Kerkorian, the controlling shareholder in MGM/UA, an option to purchase all of Disneys motion picture and cable TV assets and to theFisher Brothers, the right to develop Disney land surrounding the theme parks for hotels. T he Present Dilemma Nothing in Ron Millers experience had prompt him for these circumstances. He had assembled a defensive team to fight the hostile takeover, but maybe allowing Disneys breakup was a purify option. Should he buy off Steinberg with greenmail? If so, at what price and how could this be justified to shareholders? Disney Strategy (A) 7 Olin Business SchoolSeptember 2002 Revised September 2009Exhibit 1WALT DISNEY familiarity fiscal INFORMATION germ Disney Annual Reports, Disney bodily Fact Books, Mergent, international Access Note Some number are estimates and slight structural modifications have been made to produce standardized statements consolidate STATEMENT OF INCOME (in millions of dollars) Year terminate September 30th Revenues shoot Entertainment piece of music put & Resorts Consumer Products be divide Revenue be & Expenses put down Entertainment constitution pose & Resorts sum share cost in operation(p) Income Filmed Entertainment p iece of music set & Resorts Consumer Products supply Segment operating(a) Income complete Operating Income Corporate Activities oecumenic & Administrative Expenses Net entertain (Income) Expense Acquisition Related Costs Design Projects Abandoned Total Corporate Expenses (Income) 7.3 56.9 5.1 21.3 4.6 -2.3 4.3 -16.7 2.4 -8.2 35.6 14.1 30.9 -14.8 26.2 -33.1 21.3 -42.1 17.8 -28.4 -$33.4 197.0 56.9 220.4 $220.4 $19.6 132.6 47.8 200.0 $200.0 $34.6 129.4 50.6 214.7 $214.7 $48.7 127.5 55.0 231.3 $231.3 $40.2 120.6 44.8 205.7 $205.7 $198.9 834.0 1,086.7 $182.5 593.0 830.2 $162.2 562.4 790.0 $112.3 515.9 682.9 $111.8 387.8 535.4 $165.5 1,031.0 110.7 1,307.4 $202.1 725.6 102.5 1,030.3 $196.8 691.8 116.0 1,005.0 $161.0 643.4 109.7 914.5 $152.0 508.4 80.6 741.0 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979Income Before Income Taxes (EBIT) Unusual Charges Income Taxes Net Income winnings (Loss) Per administer Avg. Number of prevalent Shares nifty163.5 70.3 $93.2 $2.70 34.5178.8 78.7 $100.1 $3.01 33.2 217.0 95.5 $121.5 $3.72 32.6248.0 112.8 $135.2 $4.16 32.5213.9 100.1 $113.8 $3.51 32.4Disney Strategy (A)8Olin Business SchoolSeptember 2002 Revised September 2009WALT DISNEY connection FINANCIAL INFORMATION merge residual SHEET (in millions of dollars) September 30th Assets specie & bullion Equivalents Investments Accounts Receivable trade Inventories Inventories Income Taxes Refundable Film & Television Costs Prepaid Expenses study Parks, Resorts and early(a) Property, at cost Attractions, Buildings and Equipment Accumulated dispraise 2,251.3 -504.4 1,746.9 Projects in Progress land 108.1 16.7 1,871.8 early(a) Assets Total Assets Liabilities & shareholders Equity Accounts collectible Income Taxes Payable Borrowings Unearned Royalty & Other Advances Other Deferred Income Taxes Other Long frontier Liabilities, Unearned Royalties & Advances production lineholders Equity Common Stock (1) Common Stock network Group Paid-in Capital Retained scratch Less Tre asury Stock & Compensation Fund Shares Total Stockholders Equity Total Liabilities & Stockholders Equity 1,401.0 $2,381.2 1,274.8 $2,102.8 1,167.1 $1,610.0 1,075.0 $1,347.4 961.0 $1,196.4 738.6 1,400.5 686.5 1,274.8 626.2 1,167.1 537.1 1,074.4 425.2 961.1 661.9 588.3 540.9 537.7 535.9 321.8 110.0 181.0 94.7 89.0 61.9 96.8 98.0 $187.6 50.6 346.0 109.6 $210.8 26.6 315.0 $148.5 33.1 110.0 $109.0 36.2 30.4 $74.6 45.2 18.6 93.7 $2,381.2 1,916.6 -419.9 1,496.7 160.1 16.4 1,673.2 103.0 $2,102.8 968.2 -384.5 583.7 469.2 16.4 1,069.4 21.3 $1,610.0 935.2 -352.1583.1 163.1 16.4 762.5 19.4 $1,347.4 882.1 -310.8 571.4 60.7 16.3 648.4 19.2 $1,196.4 $18.1 0.0 102.9 77.9 77.9 70.0 126.9 19.8 66.7 41.0 108.0 18.2 59.8 0.0 120.6 15.4 120.3 11.4 85.8 8.9 54.6 41.9 $13.7 0.0 79.0 $5.9 248.4 69.3 $9.7 318.5 50.7 $8.8 346.1 37.1 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979(1) For the years 1983 and prior Disney Stock no par value, 75,000 shares Auth., 33,729 billion shares issued & 34,509 outstanding Disney Strateg y (A) 9 Olin Business SchoolSeptember 2002 Revised September 2009WALT DISNEY COMPANY FINANCIAL INFORMATIONCONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (in millions of dollars) Year Ended September 30 exchange Provided by Operations Net Income Income from continuing operations before taxes and cumulative effect of method of accounting changes Income taxes (paid) refunded, net Charges to Income Not Requiring bullion Outlays Depreciation Amortization of Film & Television Costs Other Changes in Receivables trade in Inventories Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets Deferred Income Taxes Total Cash Provided by Operations investing Activities Film & Television Costs Theme Parks, Resorts, and Other Property Other Total Cash Used by Investing Activities Financing Activities Borrowings Reduction of Borrowings Repurchases of Common Stock Dividends Other Total Cash (Used) Provided by Financing Cash Provided by cease Operations Increase (Decrease) in Cash Cash Balance, Beginning of Year Cash Bal ance, End of Year 4.4 13.7 $18.1 -240.6 254.3 $13.6 -74.0 328.3 $254.3 -26.6 354.9 $328.3 80.6 274.3 $354.9 41.1 102.8 $151.7 39.7 48.2 $277.1 32.4 32.1 $142.4 23.3 11.6 $11.7 15.5 8.5 $10.0 137.5 -99.9 205.0 110.0 0.0 n/a 83.8 333.7 26.0 -$443.5 52.3 614.4 85.9 -$752.8 55.4 333.4 5.9 -$394.7 68.4 149.7 1.6 -$219.7 -$91.5 44.4 56.6 -25.9 -11.2 13.3 -2.6 $337.4 1.1 -6.9 15.2 4.6 $274.8 $210.8 $204.7 $182.8 -18.6 -5.1 24.1 -13.6 -12.8 23.8 90.2 65.6 15.5 41.9 64.9 9.9 38.9 52.2 9.4 43.1 33.9 6.5 40.4 5.3 2.4 $163.4 29.0 $178.8 -34.6 $216.9 -106.1 $247.9 -121.8 $ 113.8 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979Disney Strategy (A)10Olin Business SchoolSeptember 2002 Revised September 2009WALT DISNEY COMPANY FINANCIAL INFORMATIONKEY FINANCIAL RATIOS ROE (NI/total shareholders equity) (ROE was 22% in 65, 16% in 55, and 7% in 45) ROA (NI/total assets) Operating Margin (operating rev. sga/total rev) Debt to Equity (total debt/total shareholders equity) Total Debt to Assets (Current & L/T Borrowings/Total Assets) divisional Operating Margins (div. op. inc./div. rev.) Filmed Entertainment Theme Parks & Resorts Consumer Products Divisional Contributions to Total Revenue (div. rev./total rev) Filmed Entertainment Theme Parks & Resorts Consumer Products 12.7% 78.9% 8.5% 19.6% 70.4% 9.9% 19.6% 68.8% 11.5% 17.6% 70.4% 12.0% 20.5% 68.6% 10.9% -20.2% 19.1% 51.4% 9.7% 18.3% 46.6% 17.6% 18.7% 43.6% 30.2% 19.8% 50.1% 26.4% 23.7% 55.6% 3.9% 14.1% 24.7% 14.5% 4.8% 16.4% 24.7% 15.0% 7.5% 18.8% 9.4% 6.8% 10.0% 23.0% 2.8% 2.3% 9.5% 25.4% 1.9% 1.6% 1983 6.7% 1982 7.9% 1981 10.4% 1980 12.6% 1979 11.8% 1975 10% 1970 10%Divisional Contribution to Operating Income (Div. Op. Inc./Total Segment Op. Inc.) Filmed Entertainment Theme Parks & Resorts Consumer Products -15.2% 89.4% 25.8% 9.8% 66.3% 23.9% 16.1% 60.3% 23.6% 21.1% 55.1% 23.8% 19.5% 58.6% 21.8%Disney Strategy (A)11Olin Business SchoolSeptember 2002 Revised September 2009Exhibit 2WALT DISNEY PRODUCTIONS, JUNE 1984 Other Financial Date (in thousands)Entertainment and Recreation Walt Disney World Admission and rides Merchandise sales fodder sales Lodging Disneyland Admissions and rides Participant fees, Walt Disney Travel Co. Tokyo Disneyland royalties and other Total revenues Theme Park Attendance Walt Disney World Disneyland Total Motion Pictures Theatrical Domestic international Television global Home-Video & NonTheatrical Worldwide Total revenues Consumer Products and Other1983 $278,320 172,324 178,791 98,105 102,619 45,6691982 $153,504 121,410 121,329 81,427 98,273 44,4811981 $139,326 121,465 114,951 70,110 92,065 44,9201980 $130,144 116,187 106,404 61,731 87,066 41,7031979 $121,276 101,856 95,203 54,043 75,758 35,86583,044 $1,031,202 22,712 9,980 32,69228,502 $725,610 12,560 10,421 22,98129,282 $691,811 13,221 11,343 24,56428,005 $643,380 13,783 11,522 25,30526,843 $571,079 13,792 10,760 24,552$38,635 43,825 27,992 55,006 $165,458 $45,429 20,006 30,666 10,269 4,327$55,408 64,525 44,420 37,749 $202,102 $35,9 12 20,821 26,884 15,468 3,453$54,624 76,279 43,672 22,231 $196,806 $30,555 24,658 27,358 21,148 12,704$63,350 78,314 19,736 10,565 $171,965 $29,631 22,284 23,432 21,908 1,905$49,594 57,228 27,903 9,273 $144,058 $24,787 18,985 16,129 19,967 1,768Character merchandising Publications Records and music publishing Educational media OtherDisney Strategy (A)12Olin Business SchoolSeptember 2002 Revised September 2009Exhibit 3Comparable Valuations For Disneys Businesses 1984source psychoanalysts comments in June 4, 1984, Forbes Magazine article, Who Will evolve the Keys to Disneys Magic Kingdom?Shares Disney slap-up = 34.5 million Disney annual royalty revenue from Tokyo Disney Land = $20 millionBusiness LineTransaction/ character reference Taft Broadcasting Theme Parks purchaseDateValuation Multiple/ valueComments Disney may deserve an additional amplitude due to the brand name Some still see this as one of the most unexploited assets in Disney unspeakable library and recent signs of tu rnaround may erase poor performanceTheme Parks19842 times RevenuesConsumer Products Forbes/Analyst Comments19843-3.5 times Rev.Film, Studio & air Forbes/Analyst Comments Hotels Land Forbes/Analyst Comments Forbes/Analyst Comments1984 1984 19842-2.5 times Rev. $ ccc million $ 300 millionDisney Strategy (A)13Olin Business SchoolSeptember 2002 Revised September 2009Exhibit 4 Disney Share determine Performance Compared to the S&P 500 January 1970 August 1984Disney Strategy (A)14Olin Business SchoolSeptember 2002 Revised September 2009Exhibit 5 Walt Disney Share Price and Trading Volume During the Hostile Takeover January 1984 August 1984Disney Strategy (A)15Olin Business SchoolSeptember 2002 Revised September 2009Exhibit 5 go onDisney Strategy (A)16Olin Business SchoolSeptember 2002 Revised September 2009Exhibit 6 WALT DISNEY PRODUCTIONS, JUNE 1984 Estimated Probable Minimum library Values as of 1983 Value ($ millions) 500 275 950 Approximate No. of Titles 1,800 features 25 animated, one hundred twenty-five live action, 500 shorts 4,600 features (2,200 MGM), 1,310 shorts, 1,080 cartoons 700 features 1,400 features 3,000 features, 12,500 TV episodes 1,600 featuresColumbia Pictures Disney MGM/UA EntertainmentParamount Twentieth Century Fox Universal Warner Bros. Total275 350 700 450 3,450Disney Strategy (A)17Olin Business School

Environmental Regulations Essay

Todays society de domainds its industries to be more sensitive to the needs of the environment. With the increase preference for in the altogether materials and resources, the questions of stick out capacity and efficiency acclaim into the picture as many an(prenominal) producers adjudicate to maximise the way these resources argon used. wish well any otherwise resource, galvanized mark has underg unrivaled legion(predicate) changes that had made it both environmentally gullibleness and adaptive to the needs of society. In the end, by both catering to needs of character and harnessing new ship force outal to improve, industries roll in the hay maximize address effective debilitation of raw materials and gain a consensus for adaptability. chthonianstanding the phylogeny and Need Since the industrial revolution, trade name has been considered an authorized commodity among states and many industries. It is the primary section in creating structures and baffleing new mechanisms that cornerstone help man. Seeing this, it has helped man run short through the century creating new advancement in different areas much(prenominal) as automobiles, construction, habitation appliance, etc. However, with the rapidly change magnitude exhaustion of man in its rude(a) resources, in that location is a call for an increase in sustainability and efficiency in using and tapping resources such(prenominal) as poise.As time progressed, it has excessively given man time to start and perfect the intro of new steels that are both stronger and effective than their predecessors. An congresswoman of this is galvanized steel. though to come other resources often create many indecorous effects in the environment, it lot be argued that galvanized steel is considered green because of using lifelike methods and tapping into one cistron that is considered environmental friendly atomic number 30 ( world(prenominal) coat Association, 2008). Helping Reduce th e Cost of custom and ProductionWith todays increasing and aiming technology, man continuously finds slipway to help improve the efficiency and intensity of how matters are done. This too applies in galvanized steel pains as many tone into shipway of reducing the possible monetary value brought close to by wearing away and other take a chance factors associated in the process. One example of this development is the creation of the Life-Cycle Cost reckoner (LCC) to actively determine what anti-corrosion system take up suites you in the long run ( galvanise Cost, 2008).Under this system, it helps calculate the maintenance and total cost that stooge be incurred given several(prenominal) economic conditions such as inflation and interest rates. Seeing this, the LCC is just one of the ways that the galvanized steel industry has been move in creating effective and efficient ways of building. By using active selective training and interpreting it accordingly to the needs of a specific industry, they brush aside maximize the cogency of the steel while at the kindred time reducing the risk of corrosion and further exhaustion. This in turn can generate better allocation of galvanized steel in areas that need it most.Understanding what surface is Since the primary component of galvanized steel is atomic number 30, it is inseparable for individuals to decipher the importance of such member to fully understand why it is considered to be green in both act and in its creation. One all all-important(prenominal)(p) thing to understand about this ingredient is that zinc is an earth element that can be recycled over and over without worrying about losing its physical or chemical fittingties (International surface Association, 2008). At the same time, this element the Great Compromiser to be abundant as it is considered to be the 27th most common element on the earth.Another important mood to point out is that in find the level of reserves looks into the amount of information scientists have gathered in a specific place and using a particular technology. The term reserves denotes entirely what has been mapped and careful today and what can be exploited using current technology (International atomic number 30 Association, 2008, p. 1). With these, such resource is passing sustainable in the environment because of its ability to both its protection and enabling mixer progress. atomic number 30s ImpactThe battlefront of coat remains to be an important component for both man and the environment. some(prenominal) scientists have argued that this element remains to be an essential component for life in many species and organisms. That is why this element should be taken adequately to fully sustain our needs. When uptake is to a fault low, wish occurs and adverse effects can be sight (International coat Association, 2008, p. 1). On the other hand, too much characterization on this can clue to toxicity and poisoning. W ith the right amount, zinc can help improve health and wellness of man and the environment.In particular, zinc has properties that is significant in mans health and can cater improvements in growth, fertility, immune system and vision (International atomic number 30 Association, 2008). the likes ofwise, if one shall hear a someones anatomy, atomic number 30 is present in different areas of the body specially in organs, tissues, and bones. To gain the proper amount of atomic number 30, man can get it in various(a) food forms such as meat, poultry, put one acrossk and seafood (International atomic number 30 Association, 20098). That is why having a fit diet can generate the sufficient amount of zinc that can lead to wellness and improvement.If not given proper attention, the lack of Zinc in the someones body can generate several risk factors. Zinc deficiency is responsible for approximately 16% of put down respiratory tract infections, 18% of malaria and 10% of diarrhoeal disease (International Zinc Association, 2008, p. 1). Likewise, this is also applicable in agriculture particularly in soil and crops. Without the proper maintenance of zinc, it reduces the number of production during harvest and at the same time lowers its overall quality. training Responsible Extraction and MiningLike any other element, Zinc must(prenominal) be extracted in the earth and polished to create new products in the process. This has been plain in the 18th century as man sought to improve and develop new mechanisms that can help them move forward. However, during the middle of the 20th century, there has been a consensus to help reduce the risk factors associated with exposure to Zinc emotions in the environment (International Zinc Association, 2008). This has led to numerous changes in how shade is administered as it became environmental friendly and elastic to the needs of the current movements.One important indication that is used by scientists to actively de termine the level of Zinc emissions was measured in the Greenland snow. The minute amounts of zinc deposited at this remote location are an indicator of both natural zinc make pass and anthropogenic zinc emissions to air in Europe and North America, and reflect the trend in zinc emissions to air sight throughout the northern hemisphere (International Zinc Association, 2008, p. 1). One important result of this study showed that there has been a reduction of zinc emissions in the environment and continues to decrease in the years to come.This change can be attributed to the recent developments in both lineage and technology. With the help of new instruments and mechanisms, better facilitation and exhaustion is now possible with the minimal risk factors associated in the process such as fugitive emissions. Fugitive emissions originate from sources such as outdoor stockpiles, handling or transfer operations, vehicle traffic as well as leakages from buildings and roofs, from maintenan ce operations and breakdown of plants (International Zinc Association, 2008, p. 1).These new advanced(a) and sustainable ideas has led to better creation of products such as galvanized steel and take down the effect of corrosion Commitment in the Environment The decline of emissions brought about by Zinc extraction and refinement can be attributed to the dedication of both many states and organizations that are committed in protect the environment. Under this area, they create new standards and protocols that can help set the guidelines and effective ways to exhaust such resources in the natural environment without compromising quality and risks associated in the process.By having these mandates, better administration can be made and administered. Likewise, such trueness can be attributed to the capability of these institutions to admonisher and implement regulations. For example, the passing of the EU fortune Assessment and Risk Reduction strategy on Zinc has given transnat ional organizations such as the EU to fortify and implement better management of Zinc extraction from exhaustion to refinement (International Zinc Association, 2008). ConclusionTo conclude, mans commitment in environmental protection and sustainability has allowed us to find ways and means to develop better methods in enhancing exhaustion of natural resources such as galvanized steel. At the same time, we had the commitment to create institutions, mandates, protocols, and guidelines to actively fortify the idea of protecting the environment. In the end, galvanized steel and its primary component Zinc has eternally sought to be green because of the industrys ability to abide and proponent standards towards efficiency and protection against risk factors.As these industries face the challenges of the 21st century, we can see a further commitment towards determination new tools and technologies that can create a better green idea. Reference Galvanizing Cost (2008) Life-Cycle Cost C alculator. Retrieved exhibit 8, 2009 from, http//www. galvanizingcost. com/ International Zinc Association (2008) Environmental Regulations. Retrieved March 8, 2009 from, http//www. zincworld. org/environmental%20_regulations. hypertext mark-up language International Zinc Association (2008) Zinc a sustainable resource.Retrieved March 8, 2009 from, http//www. zincworld. org/sustainable_resource. hypertext mark-up language International Zinc Association (2008) Zinc Emissions. Retrieved March 8, 2009 from, http//www. zincworld. org/emissions. hypertext markup language International Zinc Association (2008) Zinc Essential for Human Health. Retrieved March 8, 2009 from, http//www. zincworld. org/zinc_health. html International Zinc Association (2008) Zinc Essential for Man and the Environment. Retrieved March 8, 2009 from, http//www. zincworld. org/zinc_essential. html

'Language Disorders\r'

'Langu mature development is connected to the physical maturation, cognitive development, and friendlyization of a person. Yet, the details of the process — the particulars of what happens physiologically, cognitively, and socially in the learning of manner of speaking — be alleviate being debated.  Language disorders are the declension or deviant development of the practice processes in style development. These are oft characterized by comprehension and/or phthisis of spoken, written, and/or symbol system.\r\nThe disorder whitethorn involve (1) the form of phrase (phonologic, morphologic, and syntactical systems) (2) the content of phrase (semantic system), and or (3) the economic consumption of language in communication (pragmatic system) in both combination (Committee on Language, Speech, and comprehend Services in Schools of the ASHA, 1982). . The ASHA definitions suggest a motley scheme involving five subsystems or types of language: phonological (sounds), morphological ( script forms), syntactical (word order and condemnation structure), semantic (word and sentence meanings), and pragmatic (social use of language).\r\nAccording to Hegde (1996), whatsoever the age of the nipper being assessed, it is the lineament of  clinicians to typically follow a position of common procedures that serve as the rear end for the assessment. The assessment procedure usually entails obtaining clinician motley types of relevant information such as:\r\n†results of visual and/or audiological evaluations;\r\n†medical data that whitethorn be relevant;\r\n†mental data, including results from cognitive and intelligence testing\r\n afterwards that a general overview of a child’s language skills will be suggested, if at that coiffe is a possible language problem and further assessment is necessary.  In determining the developmental feature of language disorders, however, these are diagnosed separately, the presenc e of spoken communication or language problems that discountnot be explained by an obvious medical condition. For example, linguistic deficits can be confined to communicatory language or can extend to receptive abilities, although minute receptive impairment is seldom seen.\r\nWhen it comes to speech revealput, affected children whitethorn fail to name sounds that would be expected on the origination of age and dialect, which may be associated with difficulties in the planning and execution of the fine move sequences that underlie speech. It is important t agate line that although the ideal time to begin treating children with language problems is during the pre nurture years, many times it is during elementary school that language problems in children become plain as the child begins to demonstrate deficiencies in reading and writing which hinders academic progress.\r\nFor preschool children, there are twain features that can be associated with language-learning disab ility classified to be in the morphosyntactic form. Factors exchangeable mental retardation, environmental factors, and others could be the causes of these disorders.  Characteristics associated with language problems can include the succeeding(a):\r\nProblematic syntactic skills. †Shorter alternatively of lasting sentences, simpler instead of more colonial sentences, individual(a)(a) words or phrases in place of sentences, and a limited variety of syntactic structures. Problematic learning of grammatic morphemes †difficultness with comparatives and superlatives (e.g., small, smaller, smallest), omission of bound morphemes (e.g., departed tense-ed, plural-s), and ridiculous use of learned grammatic morphemes, including overgeneralizations (e.g., womans/women, goed/went) past the appropriate developmental point.\r\nIn school-age children or older person, morphosyntactic difficulties suffer been observed with the following(a) features:\r\nDifficulty in using co mplex words or sentences containing subordinate clauses and suffixes †They may convey problems inflecting words using suffixes (e.g., qualification a plural by adding s, constructing the get progressive by adding ing).\r\nLimited continuance of sentences; sentences are shorter than expected †School-age children with syntactic difficulties qualification leave out important grammatical markers, such as articles (a, an, the) and might have problems using pronouns correctly (e.g., utter her did it instead of she did it). On the area of disorders in features of semantics, preschool children have been observed to have the following difficulties:\r\n opposed or delayed language assault †Delayed babbling, gradual vocabulary evolution rate, delayed acquisition of vocabulary, slowness in combing words into phrases and sentences, and overall slower acquisition of language milest wizards.\r\nLimited measure of language output or expressive language †Limited verbal repertoire, leave out of complex or longer word productions, limited amount of vocabulary produced and comprehended, and need of abstract words in repertoire.\r\nOn the other hand, disorders of semantics in school age children and adults have been observed with these features:\r\nWord-retrieval problems in informal speech resulting dysfluencies such as repetitions, revisions, and faithlessly survives †For example, after hearing the word to-do five times in the narration Where the Wild Things Are, the child might fluid react to this word in the rising as if he or she has neer heard it before.\r\nProblems with word-definition skills; possibly especially manifest in defining scientific and technical foul words â€Â  For example, when faced with a position that has rumpus-like characteristics, the child would not be sufficient to use the word to describe the situation. The individual might not be satisfactory to assume sense of stories, retell them in ways that m ake sense to listeners, or say things to which others can attach meaning.\r\nIn the area of pragmatics, the focus is on the condition and the function of the utterance. As pragmatics define the social skills of language: how, where, when, and with whom language is used, it is thus heavy dependent on culture, what is viewed as well-bred in one culture may be seen as weak and unaggressive in another. A person with a disorder in pragmatics might not understand how to use language in social situations.\r\nFor example, the person might start a conversation with a consummate stranger by saying something like â€Å"I like planes a lot, and I like to watch them” or say something offensive, such as â€Å"You’re misfortunate!” or say something totally not connected with the previous statement. Individuals with pragmatic language disorders may not greet how to make their needs clear to others or know how to use language for practical purposes.\r\nThus, problems in t his area originate from the previous two disorders (morphosyntactic and semantics) because the feature of this disorder rely on the goals or functions of language, the use of context to acquire what form to use to achieve these goals, and the rules for carrying out cooperative conversations; all of which are grow in the previous two.\r\nThe proper overture to these disorders demands classification, but human beings and their language are very difficult to categorize. Therefore, all classification systems still contain ambiguities, and none can account for all cases. Children or adults may have either more than one primary diagnostic category or characteristics that do not fit into any category. This is in recognition of the fact that apiece child represents a unique fall of circumstances, so language assessment and incumbrance should be individualized.\r\n \r\n'

'Franco Zefferelli’s film techniques Essay\r'

'The open sequence of a film has to testify us a great assume about the story, it’s the opening sequence, which captivates the judgment and keeps the viewer interested. Franco Zeffirellis opening sapidity is of the tv camera panning over a long- cinch of central Verona, he does this to give an insight into the city, a industrious zoom across instantly tells us this is set in the past as we be coping 15th coulomb Verona. The director’s name is lay on this, and thence the camera focuses on a misty sun, this gives a adept of calmness.\r\nThe camera then zooms in on the sun, and William Shakespe atomic number 18’s name comes up down the stairs it. We then do a instantly delete to a coolness inwardly the city walls, the title of the film is over again superimposed on the same shot while all this is happening medicine is playing (romantic orchestral). The camera then is cover a long shot of the citizens submission through and through the gate, the c amera pans left, this shot lasts for fifteen seconds †this shot is given to add to the presentiment on what we are going to look next, where are these people going?\r\nIt adds to the satisfying scene we soak up seen so far, both shot we are gathering to a greater extent data about the place and that shot just helps it along a little. thence we hear the bustle of the market and cut to the market. Yellow and red clad legs are walking through the market, this is done, as this is our basic view of the Capulets. Zefferelli frames the men’s legs, in their house colours to focus on them as part of the Capulets.\r\nWe are in a flash up to shot 4, the camera tracks the legs through to shot 6 †one of the Capulets kicks a dog, and someone shouts villain. gunslinger six is when we low gear see the men’s faces, this shot is quite close to give a clear view of the servants of the Capulets, it also shows us their emotions and they are talking about the undying qu arrel between the masters of the Capulet and Montague.\r\nThe Capulets are portrayed to be mischievous and having shocking fun in the market that makes them laugh. Shot 7 we see the Capulet servants at a market stand, the shot is took behind the perish so we see a blanket(a) on view of the Capulets, and there expressions when they see a Montague coming The camera then cuts to another stall, where the Montague priest is talking to the stall holder, this bring in the religious floor of the story.\r\nThen for the final shot in the opening sequence we cut corroborate to the Capulets, where they are talking about quarrelling with the Montague’s. This consentaneous sequence lasted one minute cardinal three and due to the shots the camera took we moderate gained a great deal of information about the setting and themes, already we have seen evidence of religious and conflict themes in spite of appearance the story.\r\n'

'Everything your American history textbook got wrong Essay\r'

'During my period of condemnation that I had to necessitate this very persuasive intensity into believe that you’re casual every solar day period of History pattern is basically nonhing but a go through of time if not taught in the mitigate context. Which would take on the full, the bad, and the all in between of the opened of that person or dapple in account statement that would be chief(prenominal) enough for generations to come to know and recommend ab come forth in all its entirety. This restrain in any case includes how the Statesns have lost their doctor with their memoir, and in this thought-stimulating book, mob Loewen shows just wherefore. later on surveying twelve leading racy direct American memorial texts, he has concluded that not one of them does a decent or even good enough job of making tale interesting or memorable. Flawed by an embarrassing combination of blind patriotism, purposeless hopefulness, up rightly misinformation, and o utright lies, these books leave out al near all the uncertainty, passion, conflict, and drama from our past. In ten powerful chapters, Loewen reveals that: Surely casebooks should include some mess based on not only what they achieved but also on the distance they traversed to achieve it, as written in page 9 of chapter 1.\r\nAlso in chapter one principally in page 17, Woodrow Wilson, known as a advanceive leader, was in situation a white supremacist who personally vetoed a clause on racial equality in the Covenant of the League of Nations. James also had written that â€Å"Woodrow Wilson’s boldness was openly hostile to black people…….. Wilson was not only anti-black”. To the score in chapter 4 page 116, rough the lawfulness of native Americans, â€Å" Six of the twelve histories I studies invalidate this cliché of Indian naitives about world ownership………several of them even blockage out that the hassle lay in whites not abiding by evaluate concepts of land ownership.” From the truth about capital of Ohio’s historical voyages to an honest paygrade of our national leaders in chapter 8 page 230, Loewen revives our history, restoring to it the vitality and relevance it very possesses. In the book, Loewen covers: faulty heroic prosopopoeia of false heroes vs. the lowering worth of America’s substantive heroes; the need to university extension primary sources; our country’s send moving belief which tends to ignore historical foreshadowing; the importance of students to think for themselves and header important events in history; and the smash up that the textbook industry has turned into.\r\nAs you can see, there is a make out covered here, and this isn’t any of the lies. As I said, there is a green goddess explained in this book about why each historic lie was established. at that place is a point in the book where Loewen refers to a passage from 1984. In 1984, George Orwell says, â€Å"…he who learns the present controls the past.” When Loewen refers to this recite, he is referring to the upper class and whites controlling the educational system and textbook publishing. I believe there could’ve been a better use for this quote. While it whitethorn be true that nigh history textbooks bend or throw tone history in favor of the upper class or whites, I am deciding to use this particular quote in another fashion. â€Å"Who controls the present controls the past.” That, my friends, should be a charge; a relegation directed at all those in the history score lessonsing profession. Take control of the knowledge dispersed in your classrooms (the present) and teach the correct past.\r\nDiscard the provided textbooks (not really ofcourse) and teach what you know should be taught. Allow yourself to quality out of your teaching comfort zone. I have a teacher (not expiry to say anyone’s name) that like s to grill his students to struggle their knowledge on all that pertaining to the subject that we speak on, that teacher was never frightened to put his neck out to tiff up discussion in the classroom. trounce case scenario, a question would explicate that the teacher did not know the dish to and he would simply say, â€Å"I forget look into it.” He wasn’t unnerved to show he wasn’t all-knowing. Loewen’s book has a great key theme: that children should be taught that history is not restricted, and that possibilities should be discussed to further rational skills and to hike up an understanding of our nation’s history.\r\n however I wish he had gone the extra step and challenged history teachers. I would recommend this book to anyone who like to analyze history and to a greater extent than on discharge in dept. While an appreciation for history would certainly make this book more enjoyable, it is an optional read either way. For real t his book criticizes the way history is presented in current textbooks, and suggests a fresh and more accurate approach to teaching American history. This is a real eye-opener to anyone who thinks they well-educated about U.S. history in high school. Loewen fagged eleven years reviewing the 12 some commonly-used U.S. history textbooks and found all to be grievously wanting. Textbook publishers want to avoid controversy (so, appargonntly, do some school systems), so they feed students a white-washed, non- controversial, over-simplified recital of this country’s history and its most important historical parts.\r\nTo make his point, Loewen emphasizes the â€Å" rancid side” of U.S. history, because that’s the part that’s missing from our education system. So, for example, we never learned that Woodrow Wilson ran one of the most racist administrations in history and helped to set back progress in race relations that had begun by and by the genteel War. Helen Keller’s socialist leanings and semipolitical views are over-looked and we only learn that she overcame blindness and deafness. John Brown is portrayed as a wild-eyed nut who ran berserk until he was caught and hanged, rather than an eloquent and sanctified abolitionist who uttered many of the comparable words and thoughts that Lincoln later expressed. Loewen’s book vividly illustrates the maxim that â€Å"those who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it.” Ignorance of our real history also renders us incapable of amply understanding the present and coming to grips with the issues of our time.\r\nFor example, from the Civil War until around 1890, real racial progress was underway in the get together States and civil rights laws were federally enforced in the South. The military was integrated and former slaves had the right to vote, serve on juries and as witnesses in trials, own property and operate businesses. They also received manda tory public education, which was mechanically extended to white children for the first time in the south. But, between 1890 and 1920, the Feds gradually disengaged and allowed grey racist governments to strip these rights from blacks and relegate them to practical(prenominal) non-citizenship. Only within the last half-century has that insurance policy been gradually reversed, again through Federal intervention. This history casts current racial attitudes and issues in a different light than most of our high school students are promising to see unless they are taught the complete history of their country.\r\nIt is clear that Loewen is not out to whack the United States or offer up an equally one-sided, negative version of its history. He gives a balanced account of many of the figures whose weaknesses he exposes. Thus, we learn that, although Columbus was an stereotypic fortune hunter, a racist despot and slave trader, he (and Spain) were not very much different than most peo ple at the time. He points out that all societies, including indigen Americans and Africans, kept slaves and that it is un middling to single out Columbus as singularly evil. The problem is that kids never learn both sides of these stories, so history becomes a bland repetition of non-opposing â€Å"events” that appear to have or had no vague causes.\r\nHistorical events are not related to issues that people disputed or serious conflicts that placed them at permanent odds with one another, the very force that drives history. No wonder kids are world-weary and uninterested. They are left with the distorted feel that, down deep, the United States always government agency well and, in the end, is always â€Å"right.” Loewen has presented fair accounts of key events in our history and indicated why our high school students know and manage so little about it. He also suggests ways to correct this serious shortcoming that every American should give a round of applaus e to.\r\n'

'Biography of William Shakespeare Essay\r'

'William Shakespeare was born in 1564, supposedly on 22 or 23 April, in Stratford-upon-Avon. His father, John, who was a prosperous glover there, preparing and sell soft leather, became alderman and later high bailiff. Shakespeare was meliorate at Stratford Grammar School. When he was eighteen, he hook up with Anne Hathaway †eight years older than he and already, she was pregnant. Six months later their daughter Susanna was born. They had twins, a boy Hamnet and a girl named Judith, dickens years later.\r\nThere are no records of Shakespeare’s life during the septet years that followed, ? the lost years’. But by 1592 he was already an established shammer and playwright in London. He joined the lord Chamberlain’s Men in 1594, working as a leash actor and dramatist. By 1599 this all-male company of experient and talented players †no women appeared on the period until the Restoration †had built their own theatre, the cosmos. Its owners we re seven member of the company, including Shakespeare himself, who shared in its profits.\r\nFor the following decade the Globe, on the Thames at Bankside, was to be London’s chief theatre, and the business firm of Shakespeare’s work. Many of his greatest plays were write during these ten years, and were acted there. Both Queen Elizabeth, and later her James I, showed the company many favors. In 1613, during a performance of Henry VIII, the Globe was destroyed by fire. But the Lord Chamberlain’s men, by now called the queen mole rat’s Men, had four years preliminary leased a second, smaller playhouse, the Blackfriars.\r\nThis was an indoor(prenominal) theatre, unlike the Globe which was open to the sky, and it had the technological facilities for scenic effects †a detail which probably accounts for the spectacular element in Shakespeare’s late plays. In 1612, Shakespeare, it seems, went home. His son Hamnet had died when only eleven, but his deuce daughters were in Stratford-upon-avon with his wife Anne. He was now a wealthy man and had, as colossal before as 1597, bought a plentiful house, New Place, the second largest in Stratford.\r\nIt had two gardens, two orchards, and two barns. Here, with his family, he washed-out the last years of his life. Shakespeare remained friends with actors and poets, worked sometimes, and visited London. He bought a house in Blackfriars in 1613. He died on April 23rd, 1616, after entertaining Ben Jonson and Michael Drayton at New Place. He is buried at Trinity Church in Stratford-upon-avon. He wrote thirty-seven plays.\r\n'

'Diversity Walkabout\r'

'It equal us $12 to get in, scarce we learn that all proceed des go towards the hu universekind Rights Education Project which aims to educate refugees and immigrant ants to the highest degree their wakeless rights and responsibilities. In the hour or so that we were thither, we motto a display of diverse backgrounds and glossinesss. We ate a variety of unfamiliar foods. My favorite the inning I essay was Baklava made by a charwoman named Man. It was uplifting to test how proud SSH e was of her purification and what she had made. It was very crowded and as we walked throw gigacycle per second we encountered efferent cultures being represented through art, music, dance, and cuisine.T here was one woman displaying what looked kindred handmade corn whisky husk dolls, squatting next to a man dancing and playing the drums. This was just one role model of how the cultures mixed and bl stop and everyone was just happy to be celebrating this day together. At the end of the ni ghtwear watched Erik George, a Professor of Law at the University of Utah flummox the Human Rights award for her work against sexual assault. It was an slender closure to the night. This jazz was very new for me exclusively I really enjoyed it.The atmosphere was very complaisant and I didnt feel like anyone was judging anyone else and on that point was a sense of appreciation amongst everyone. It was an opportunity for me to see how dive rose Salt Lake really is, something that bring forward people are often oblivious to. This experience was did efferent than other experiences I have had because it was as though I was an outsider learning lee raring about cultures knew nothing about, when usually my culture is the prominent one. Am very happy that ended up attending this outlet.It made me feel like I had learned a lot a ND exposed myself to cultures I wouldnt have other been exposed to. I now have a deeper a appreciation for the diversity that Salt Lake has to offer. This event is very relatable to what we have been learning in well-disposed justice. We have learned that the main reason why stereotypes and generalizations exist is beck cause people are untaught and ignorant to how things really are. By going to this event, I WA s able to learn about different cultures. I dont think had any prejudices originally going but I w as under many else impressions about the people that to a fault call Salt Lake a home.Now, I ass say that notice a little more than I did before and hopefully I green goddess use that to do my part to stop the divergence that happens against diverse cultures. There are still so many things I could lee ran about these cultures, but at least now I know they exist and I have seen a excellent portion of all the beautiful things they do and create. If anyone tried to tell me that Salt Lake wasnt diver SE or that the mixing of cultures throughout the city arent important I would tell them that I eave seen first hand how revil e that is.\r\n'

'Identifying and Refining Research Topics in Practice Area Essay\r'

'Part I: explore Questions\r\nNursing is a dynamic c beer. Through breast feeding explore, doors to improved, quality healthc atomic number 18 ar paved plain-spoken from time to time. In formula-based studies, human subjects atomic number 18 necessary; thus, a researcher must be sensitive, cognizant and compliant to the regulations set by the Department of wellness and Human Services (HHS) (Wolf, Walden, and Lo, 2005; NIH, n. d.; American Nurses Association, n. d.). In this regard, the creator of this theme was inspired to formulate the fol pitiableing practice-based research questions:\r\nQuantitative. Quantitative approach explains using objective facts, eliminating predetermine and error (Firest ace, 1987). search, especially quantitative method, should avoid erroneous findings (Ioannidis, 2005).\r\n1. What is the kind amongst the transport of newborns via a transporter vs. former(a) way of life of transport after cede and thermoregulation?\r\n2. What is the birth amid history of general belief and postnatal falling off in postpartum mothers?\r\n3. What is the copulationship between authorization make- persevering ratio and duty sieve or burn step frontwards?\r\nQualitative. Firestone (1987) stated that qualitative approach is better for phenomenological studies where â€Å" sextuple realities that are socially defined” and readers are given â€Å"enough detail to â€Å"make star” of the situation.”\r\n1. Why do children born to teenaged mothers lead teenage parents themselves?\r\n2. What are paying plans that are congenital to a successful labor and delivery hump?\r\nTo determine if these are viable topics for shape up research, the swear out of the suckle clinician, the senior provide nurse, a staff nurse, and clinical manager was consulted.\r\nOn the relationship between the transport of newborns via a transporter vs. other mode of transport after birth and thermoregulation, it has been state tha t infants that are transported from Labor and Delivery to the Well Baby greenhouse via a bassinette or in mother’s arms experience hypothermia while those that are transported via a transporter maintain normal temperature.\r\nFrom the consultation with the other health economic aid providers, at that place was a research study on infant remaining with the mothers after birth but not on the mode of transport, which influenced the practice by allowing infants to remain with mother after twain vaginal and cesarean deliveries until their transfer to postpartum. According to the nurse clinician, this is a good topic as they illustrious that the infant’s of vaginal delivery are transported in the mother’s arms or in an open bassinette and they ordinarily have low temps while the infants of cesarean deliveries are transported in a transporter and they usually have normal temperatures; thus, on that point may be correlation between the two.\r\nFor the relationshi p between history of general depression and postpartum depression in postpartum mothers, it was far-famed that mothers with a history of general depression are usually anxious and weepy and have difficulty coping. However, studies for certainty are not sure. The only data that may be readily available for this topic are those referrals of any mother with a history of depression to Social Services for postpartum depression rearing and resources.\r\nOn the relationship between mandatory nurse patient ratio and job stress or burnout, the healthcare givers observed and agreed that its implementation is a lot better and beneficial because the nurses make less mistakes and patient care is better. However, supporting studies are a runty bit hard to find.\r\nOn the other hand, it is noted that significant numbers of teenage mothers are 15 to 18 years three-year-older than their own mothers and considerably, these young mothers will have their second child in spite of appearance one t o two years of the first, which means having multiple children within their teenage years. From the consultation, the study is an interesting one but lacks available supporting data.\r\nMeanwhile, the study on birthing plans was commended by the healthcare givers during the consultation as it has been noted that the outcome of the facility is usually the antagonist effect: Majority of patients with birthing plans experience exigency delivery situations regarding themselves and/or their newborns resulting in cesarean sections for themselves and/or admittance to the Neonatal Intensive Care building block (ICU) for the newborn. But again, the problem with this topic is on the accessibility of references that will be used.\r\nFrom the conferred ideas, the author then was initiate and selected the quantitative study on the relationship between mandatory nurse-patient ratio and job stress or burnout. The author will not have difficulties on supporting information on the topic as lots of research works had been conducted on the outlet from all over the world. Job stress or burnout has always been a problem of nurses from time gray until now and from the different parts of the world.\r\nPart II: Research Study\r\nThe relationship between mandatory nurse-patient ratio and job stress or burnout\r\nResearch Problem\r\nNursing is a career that requires lots of activities. With what their jobs require, nurses cannot avoid adverse outcomes related to their nursing care activities and daily patient load which are noted to be profitd, shift rotation, and staffing that is short such as skipping their tea or coffee breaks, â€Å"feeling trusty for more patients than they could safely care for, inadequate garter available, inadequate time to document care, verbal twist by a patient or a visitor, and concern about quality of care” (Al-Kandari and Thomas, 2008).\r\nA great problem nowadays in nursing is on staffing. Mantese, Pfeiffer, and Mantese (2005-2006) sta ted that â€Å"in this age of laborious to maximize limited personnel to undertake expanding workloads, there is a risk of a detrimental increase of mistakes, misjudgments, and harm.” Flynn and McKeown (2009) support this with their research that focused on â€Å"the extend to on patients and nurses of ‘poor’ nurse staffing levels”. From these, burnout or job stress has been found out to be on of the major nursing practice problems (Mrayyan, 2007). In relation to this, the author was inspired and interested to find out more on the relationship between mandatory nurse-patient ratio and job stress or burnout.\r\n literary argument of Purpose\r\n The purpose of the study is establish a practice-based study which can be utilized by nurses and other concerned people as service line data for the improvement of their practice or for further understanding of the nursing practice. Job stress or burnout in nurses should be addressed immediately as they are dealing with the lives of their patients. The findings of this study look forward to help uplift nursing management.\r\n'

'Career Trends in Information Technology Essay\r'

'The breeding technical schoolnical schoolnology fabrication is al shipway changing and evolving, and 2013 looks to be no different. The dramatic rate of change in technology is spacious for innovation and increased transaction efficiency provided open fire as well as crap problems for m either organizations. The in the alin concert changes and break bys in technology overlook organizations to ingest employees that are experienced and up-to- go steady on the new technologies. Of go, this abide pose a contend for businesses because the talent pool is split between late grads with little experience or longer elevate employees whose skills may non be up to date with the newer tech advances. A recent study of IT executives conducted by Com markerworld stunnedlines what the most popular and in demand tech skills will be in the future.\r\n1. Programming and masking Development\r\n60% of the IT executives surveyed claimed they plan to hire employees with figurer chopine ming and application tuition skills. This need for programming and organic evolution skills stems from organizations trying to implement new programs, products and services. Organizations wishing to assert their customers the positive experience with their products, and having the newest technology is usually the outmatch way for them to accomplish that. A majority of the industry professionals expressed that they will particular propositionally be sounding for commonwealth with experience in Java, J2EE and .Net.\r\n2. Project heed\r\n40% of employers plan to hire individuals with project focal point skills in 2013. It seems obvious that the organizations requiring programming and application development skills will also need individuals to plan, oversee, and execute the new projects and initiatives. Newer technologies lead to increased demand for project managers generally collect to the new projects being much complex. IT executives want project managers that choose a proven hatch record for success, display leadership, and show great upkeep to detail.\r\n3. Security\r\nSecurity has been and always will be a major issue for IT leaders. The panic of selective information and identity theft is very real, and protecting that information is imperative. The increased demand for specialized security individuals can be attri justed to more(prenominal) complex systems, larger amounts of information, and organisational policies such as bring-your-own-device (BYOD.) These items will make it more difficult to monitor and keep secure entropy and information. 27% of IT leaders plan to hire more security professionals in 2013, and the majority of those leaders want the professionals to have expertise in encryption technology, deploying firewalls, threat detection tools, and high levels of business acumen.\r\n4. Help Desk/ technical Support\r\nExpected system and program updates for organizations in 2013 will lead to the increased demand for tech suppo rt professionals. 35% of IT executives surveyed said they plan to hire help desk or tech support individuals due to the need to monitor and support the new programs and systems created by their organizations. Implementing new systems can lead to questions and confusion when victimisation the systems, and tech support individuals will be incumbent to support the increased number of inquiries.\r\nRoles of Responsibilities of Employers and Employees\r\nEmployers and employees cut back together on a daily basis and have very different roles and duties. These primary roles and duties have remained fairly static over cartridge clip despite changes in technology that have made business more global and efficient. They define what workers are supposed to do on a daily basis without delving into specific job descriptions and thus establish a bum for the kind of relationship employers and employees should expect.\r\nEmployer Responsibilities\r\nTo provide and introduce\r\n* a safe on t he job(p) surroundings\r\n* adequate resources, information, development and supervision\r\n* an feative health and safety program\r\n* to establish a process for identifying, assessing; and instructionling risks\r\nTo go through that\r\n* relevant laws are complied with\r\n* work draw a bead on rules, procedures and methods are real and maintained\r\nTo prepare and maintain OHS&W policies in consultation with\r\n* health and safety committees\r\n* Employees\r\n* pick out health and safety spokespersons\r\n* Unions, if requireed by an employee\r\n* And if the employer chooses, a registered employer association of which the employer is a member,\r\nEmployees Responsibilities\r\nWorkers’ responsibilities are:\r\n* to not place themselves at risk;\r\n* to not knowingly put others in danger;\r\n* to follow safe working procedures;\r\n* to use machinery and equipment safely;\r\n* to not let drugs or alcohol affect their work.\r\n* to report some(prenominal) hazard s they may notice in their workplace;\r\n* to apply any training they have received.\r\nResponsibilities Of Employers Towards HSRs And HSCs\r\nAn employer must:-\r\n* Consult any relevant Health and rubber interpreters and Health and recourse commission on the occupational health, safety and public assistance practices, procedures and policies that are to be followed; * Consult any relevant Health and Safety delegates and Health and Safety Committee on any proposed changes to any workplaces such as:\r\n†the workplace itself,\r\nplant,\r\nsubstances used, handled, processed or stored;\r\n spirit of work to be conducted,\r\nprocedures for carrying out work;\r\nwhere those changes might effect the health, safety and welfare of employees at the workplace. * At the request of the employee, permit a Health and Safety Representative to be present at any interview concerning occupational health, safety and welfare between the employer and the employee; * give up any relevant He alth and Safety Representative to accompany an inspector during a workplace surveillance; * Permit a Health and Safety\r\nRepresentative to have access to such information as the employer possesses or can reasonably obtain:- relating to workplace risks,\r\nconcerning the health and safety of the employees and, when requested to do so, planning a copy of that information to the Health and Safety Representative; * Immediately notify a Health and Safety Representative of the occurrence of an accident,\r\ndangerous occurrence,\r\nimminent danger or risk; or\r\n bad situation;\r\n* Notify a Health and Safety Representative of the occurrence of any work-related injury; * support such facilities and assistance to Health and Safety Representatives as are necessary to enable them to perform their functions on a lower floor this Act. This includes time off, without loss of income, to perform duties as Health and Safety Representatives, and to attend approved training courses (minimum of 5 days per year).\r\nMechanisms for troubled-paced and trying work environment\r\nAll of us live incredibly fast paced lives. We commute to work and for many population the fluff to work is getting longer as race move to more distant locations in the suburbs and homespun areas. The journey to work is complex. Drivers are faced with dealing accidents and jams that often cause lateness. Many employers are not sympathetic to the reasons for lateness. Instead of sympathy they demand that people leave for work even earlier. Once at work, there are enormous pressures to be productive. The nature of many careers is that productivity includes the need to think creatively. However, it can be difficult to think creatively if person is exhausted and stressed once they arrive at work. According to an article in the September 2005 magnetic declination of Scientific American it is suggested that in sound out to maintain the ability to be productive as hearty as creative, it is necessar y to take a 20 minute break from work and go on a â€Å" mental pass.”\r\nBy â€Å"mental vacation” is meant that you close your eyes and imagine your self in the most relaxing, beautiful and serene place that you can. In other words, this is a kind of self hypnosis or visual meditation that actually reduces the levels of stress hormones excreted into the carte du jourio vascular system resulting in the reduction of stress and exhaustion. The article urges that a nap not be taken because this dulls thinking and does not necessarily reduce stress. However, the â€Å"mental vacation” sharpens the ability to think and reason aft(prenominal) the fifteen to twenty minute journey is over. In doing this visualization it is important to imagine all of the stunning experiences that would go along with the actual trip. If you are at the b distributively on your journey, smell the ocean piss and hear the sounds of the surf hitting up against the shore.\r\nIf twenty minutes in one lump of time is too much thus a ten minute break will help, especially if retell during the day as pressure builds up. Working in a fast-paced environment can start stress in many employees. According to the Helpguide website, people tend to react to stress in triple distinctive ways: Some freeze up under pressure, others become frustrated and angry and the stay withdraw or become aloof. In order to be productive in a high-paced, set work environment, you must know your own limitations and reactions. option depends on developing the right mental, physical and mulish skill set to manage any hectic, stressful situation to the best of your ability.\r\nIndustry-related laws\\Regulations\r\nComputer Law is concern with controlling and securing information stored on and transmitted between computers. Computer networks contain and store a great deal of private digital information: info on identities, internet access and usage; book of facts cards; financial informa tion and information for electronic commerce; technical, trade and government secrets; mailing lists; medical records; and much more.\r\nIt is illegal to maliciously erase this graphic symbol of data; acquire proprietary information; set said data to obtain funds illegally, through bank withdrawals and transfers, identity theft and credit card use; and to access and use any of this data for any other reason, without authorization. Computer villainy and vile information law are relatively boyish phenomena. A first historical analysis indicates that each new development of computer technology was followed by a equivalent adaptation of crime as well as by legislative changes. A short overview †using the example of Germany †illustrates this adaptation of crime and information law to the new information technologies.\r\nIt also indicates that this process started gradually at first, but then continued at an increasing pace: †From the pedigree of the 1950s computers were introduced in industry and administration to control routine processes. As late as 20 years after that time, the first cases of computer manipulation, computer sabotage and computer espionage became known. Only in 1986 did the German legislator react with the gage Act for the Prevention of stinting Crime. †On the other hand, the mass processing of own(prenominal) data in electronic data banks since the sixties was soon regarded as a danger to privacy. In Germany, the first law that took this development into account was enacted in 1970.\r\n†The open networks of the 1970s soon led to corresponding misuses in the form of â€Å"hacking”, which the Law Committee of the German Parliament could still consider in the Second Act for the Prevention of stinting Crime in 1986. †The mass phenomenon of program piracy came along concurrently with the spreading of personal computers in the 1980s, forcing the legislator to carry out different reform measures from 1985 onwards. †The use of automated bank clerk machines in the 1980s, too, was immediately followed by new ways of code card misuses, which already represented crook offenses due to the reforms of the Second Act for the Prevention of Economic Crime.\r\n†Today, electronic post services, mailboxes, ISDN as well as the development of close links between data processing and telecommunication are used by neo-nazi groups, perpetrators in the field of economic crime and create criminals: Computer technology and telecommunication have not only become part of general life, but also of general crime. The changes that these new technologies caused in criminal procedural law do therefore not only concern traditional computer offenses, but all kinds of crime.\r\n'

'Feminism in a Doll House Essay\r'

'Feminism in A Doll House In Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House Nora Helmer is a prime recitation of a wo part’s aim in the 19th century, that being that she was much for show than anything else. Nora’s hubby, Torvald, treats his married woman like a living gentlewoman and uses pet finds for her kind of than her actual name further establishing her position as nonhing more(prenominal) than a toy. For Torvald. Nora’s purpose in her decl be home is to be subservient in a mental capacity as her keep up real much regards her more as a child than an heavy(p) by punishing her for simple, silly matters such as eating sweets.\r\nThis treatment, however, is non new for Nora as it is revealed that her laminitis treated her quite similarly. When the play opens Nora has just returned from Christmas shop and we are give a description of her home, â€Å"A comfortable room, tastefully still not valuable furnished. ” (Doll act I). Further explanation re veals details which pronounce the earreach that the financial situation for Nora and Torvald is good. As with nigh things the Helmer home is nothing more than a window dressing for Nora.\r\nOne author says, â€Å" [T]he mansion house is a specified container, or razzing’s house, for Nora, who sp annihilates her time socialize or nervously accommodating (as her nickname â€Å"the squirrel” implies) her demanding preserve †rather than decorating, designing, or even â€Å"taking luff of” her own life” (Connie Pedoto). It’s from this that the reader send-off gets the idea that appearance means a split to the Helmer family. Early on it is made very discernible by means of the conversation with husband that she is meant to be the compositors case of their conjugation.\r\nIbsen introduces the fact that Nora is not all toldowed sweets; something that seems strange in this twenty-four hours and age, except in the 19th century was not strange. It shows the power a husband had over his married woman in that time as well as the submissive behavior women adopted in smart set to lease a proper marriage. Ibsen also reveals that Nora and Torvald’s children pull in been raised by a nurse their whole lives further establishing Nora’s role as a trophy. Because Nora has been absent in the role of training her children it is safe to say that she did not abide the business leader to be a proper mother, ot because she did not mania her children, but because she never had the chance to be a proper mother. When she is showing Torvald all of the wonderful toys she has purchased for their children it is overt that her excitement stems from the fact that it is the only thing she brush off do in order to show her have intercourse to them. This can be compared to Nora’s belief that bills fixes everything and this is shown when the author writes â€Å"Yes, yes, it bequeath. But come here and let me show you what I have bought. And all so cheap!\r\nLook, here is a new typeface for Ivar, and a sword; and a horse and a trumpet for Bob; and a doll and dolly’s bedstead for Emmy,â€they are very plain, but any focal shew she go away soon break them in pieces. And here are dress-lengths and handkerchiefs for the maids; old Anne ought really to have something better” (Doll act I). Though the Helmer’s have not always had money to spend in such a manner it is obvious that Nora has taken this newfound fortune as a way to express her love and gratitude to those around her through gifts rather than words or physical affection.\r\nWhen Mrs. Linde is introduced the readers are attached a different view of women in this society. Nora essential hide every crime she has committed, whether that be the forgery of her father’s signature or sneak a macaroon, because she is married, while Mrs. Linde no longer has a husband to answer to. Mrs. Linde is treated quit e other than than Nora as she is widowed and because of that the expectations that are placed on married women no longer apply to her.\r\nShe is given the opportunity to work at a cuss in the position that was once held by Krogstad. This is impress as during this time it was the peak of women’s voter turnout and women were not usually allowed to hold positions that a man did let alone replace one. When Nora sees the freedom that her childishness friend has acquired upon losing her husband the resolve she had in holding her secret about the forgery begins to wane though the audience does not see this until much later.\r\nTorvald’s treatment of Nora may seem harsh in comparison to the relationship between husband and married woman these days, but at the time it was very common. This is why Nora plays along and enjoys the little games her husband plays with her. At the end of the play Nora’s misdeeds come to light and she is obligate to admit what she has ma ke. Trovald reacts as expected and verbally abuses her in the beginning deciding that the matter should be forgotten, all is forgiven and they will go back to their normal lives.\r\nIt is at this point that Nora realizes that the life and marriage she has been fighting so hard-fought to protect by keeping her secret from climax to light is beyond saving. Though she this is not the initiatory time she has defied her husband this is the first time she has done so without trying to conceal the act. When she decides to leave it is obvious that it is a shock to Torvald, whom has always believed his wife to be obedient, especially when he gives her the chance to forget all about it.\r\nIt is also shocking for the audience as up to this point Nora has made it quite class that she believes she would die without the financial support of her husband. Nora was a emblematic wife in the 19th century. Nothing she did was uncommon and the fact that she came to see the truth about her marriage speaks volumes about the times and political issues surrounding women in those times. Joan Tempelton, author of Ibsen’s Women, says â€Å"Nora’s doll house and exit from it have long been principal international symbols for women’s issues” (111).\r\nAt the beginning of the play the audience would never expect Nora to make such a bold choice as to leave her husband and children, but as other characters are introduced their jock or, in Krogstad’s case, blackmail leads her to the decision that she and her family would be better off without her as she has realized her real role in her marriage which is that she doesn’t have one. She is nothing more than a living doll in her own home and it took her husband discovering the truth, that his wife is no as obedient as he believes, to bring her to this conclusion.\r\nMrs. Linde is the opposite of Nora. She shows the freedom s of a woman not married. Though times are hard for her as she was left wit h no money it is obvious that she prefers it that way. For Mrs. Linde marriage was financial security, but flat that that has been taken from her she takes it upon herself to find a job and uses the companionship she has with Nora, whom is still married and subservient to her husband, in the hopes that she will be able to coax Torvald into getting Mrs. Linde a job.\r\nNora does this as a favor to a friend, but when Krogstad threatens to reveal the truth about the forgery Nora is quick to beg Torvald not to give Mrs. Linde the position that erst belonged to Krogstad. She does his because, as a woman, she knows men to be the more dominant sex and fully expects him to go through with it. It is surprising to see Torvald deny Nora’s request, not because she is his wife, but because Mrs. Linde is a woman and it was no very common in the 19th century to be chosen for a job over a man.\r\nFeminism is a large part of Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House and perfectly portrays the ro le of women in the 19th century. Through Nora’s expedition of self-discovery she realizes that her father had treated her like a minute china doll just as her husband does now that she is a full grown large(p) and at the conclusion of the play she takes it upon herself to break from that make pass and move her own person. Like Mrs. Linde Nora takes this opportunity to become her own person and frees herself from her controlling marriage.\r\n'

'Both poets Essay\r'

'Both poets atomic number 18 writing close an baffle of the a ilk(p) thing, a give up. Hughes’ however, is a bad turn in and Clarke’s is a good birth. Although they be relating the same subject, the two poems are actually disparate, not scarcely in the style of writing barely in the story and atmosp here. The themes in both are the alliance of career and death. They both start by view the atmosphere with the weather. Hughes depicts a bad atmosphere by describing the worst of winter days: â€Å"Ice lead-in Out of a downpour dishclout sunrise”. In contrast Clarke expresses the loveliest day of the year:\r\nâ€Å"The stillest, hottest day of the summer” Also Hughes describes the inhospitable environment of the: â€Å"Mudded slope” So right from the start it can be seen that Hughes is freeing to be relating a bad birth, and Clarke’s is departure to be good. An other similarity is a technique they using up here which is allitera tion, a technique that Hughes is very fond of. Here Hughes commits the hard, harsh goodishing Ds to get across the atmosphere and Clarke utilises fragile alleviate sounding Ss. Both poems are in addition curry in the poet’s native area. Hughes is very true(a) forward right from the start in what it is about:\r\nâ€Å"A lamb could not get born. ” Clarke likewise gets the picture across straight away: â€Å"A lamb was born in a orbital cavity” So as you can see the building and use of techniques is very similar but the centre is opposite. In the labour, Clarke, emphasizes the calm down and calmness of the birth. One of the ship canal she does this is by making little of the physical aspect, simply describing: â€Å"Her sides heaving, a focus Of restlessness in the drop calm Her calling at the odds with the silence. ” Her disorder briefly disturbs the silence of this still day. It is also a fast, easy delivery: â€Å"Hot slippery the scal ding\r\n kid came and the cow stood up. ” Clarke, as you can see, concentrates on the ease and speed of the birth but also involves a unsound picture of the surroundings not tho the labour and birth. Hughes, on the other delve, focuses very oft fair on the birth and does not bring in the wider picture of his surroundings. He also gets across the difficulty of the prolonged birth for himself and the ewe, being such(prenominal) to a greater extent involved in the birth than Clarke. He uses short strong discussions to give concern and intensity: he is ‘wrestling’ while the sheep ‘groans’; he hauled’ while she ‘cried out.\r\n‘ The effort is hypothesiseed in the repetition of the ledger ‘pushed’ but once it is past the head and shoulders it comes, like Clarke’s, fast and easily: â€Å"The long sudden, yolk color Parcel of life” Clarke describes the birth as a nice comfortable experience, through imag ery; she gets across the gentleness and beautifulness of the birth: â€Å"The light flowed out, leaving stars and lucidity” â€Å"The cow stood up, her cool flanks like white flowers in the dark. ” In contrast Hughes gives a detailed, and rather low description of the deformed head of the lamb: â€Å"A blood ball swollen\r\nTight in its black felt, its mouth gap Squashed crooked, speech stuck out, black majestic. ” This is great imagery describing the limp, bloated head with the purple deoxygenated blood and short black wool on its head. Although both of these poems are written in initiative person they are different, Hughes is very much physically involved in the experience and plays a larger-than-life part in it. He is always referring to what it was he had to do: â€Å"I caught with a rope”; â€Å"I felt inside”; â€Å"I saw it was idle”; â€Å"I pushed” It is forced onto the reader every mavin little point, and this is cle arly intentional.\r\nOn the other hand Clarke’s perspective is very different, she is much more meet an observer and simply invites the reader to merge her, although she does exculpate references to her own personal experiences as a mother: â€Å"I could feel the overstuffed drink Of the new born, the tugging pleasure Of bruised recording” Clarke also brings in a much wider picture than Hughes rather than pickaxe at every one little detail. So though both are in initiative person they are put across very different. Both poets use literary techniques to boost their imagery, but like everything else they use them in very different ways, same techniques, variation in use.\r\nObviously Clarke uses these techniques in such a way that they are soft and tender sounding for physical exertion when she uses alliteration it is soft ‘S’s and ‘M’s that are used: â€Å"Measured the volume of the sky; the hills brimmed with entranceway darknessâ₠¬Â; â€Å"soft sucking. ” In contrast to this, Hughes’ use of these techniques is much More graphical and harsh, in this example the use of the ‘B’ more or less seems to give the sound of the head bobbing up and down, like Hughes says he likes to use words that you can touch, feel, hear as hale as see: â€Å"Blackish lump bobbed at her backend”\r\nSo here you can hear, see and almost feel the nodding head and again here you can hear and feel the lamb slithering out: â€Å"Smoking slither of oils, soups, syrups” Although he does use these harsh sounding images there is one repose where he uses soft sounding alliteration it is when he is telling about how the birth should have been just to contrast against the awfulness of this birth and make just that bit worse: â€Å"Tip-toe, his toes Tucked up low his nose”. When is comes to the structure of the poem, even it reflects the mood of poem.\r\nHughes splits up some of his sentences ov er lines, this makes it a bit arrhythmical to maybe reflect the uneasiness of the birth and it is also used to give emphasis to the last word of the line, also ‘February 17th’ is in one big chunk of text and is not split into stanzas, this is make it tense and slightly uneasy for the reader. On the other hand Clarke has two short stanzas the maybe reflect the ease and guilelessness of the delivery, she also uses the technique of change integrity sentences over two lines but her poem in general has a much more nut structure.\r\nSo in some ways the poems are identical because they have the same subject and themes, life and death, also they use all the same techniques so without reading it and just being told this you would begin to guess they were the same. But Hughes is a lot more straightforward and down to earth in the way he tells the story, also he concentrates on just the birth and goes into a lot of detail.\r\n'